Incidence and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis among pediatric burn patients

Alturki, Nouf; Alkahtani, Mohamed; Daghistani, Mamoon; Alyafi, Tawfeik; Khairy, Sami; Ashi, M.E; Aljuffri, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.032

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…No reported deaths. Riyadh 16 (Alturki et al, 2019) [ 35 ] 2011 - 2016 Retrospective N=95 More than half of injured children were males (56.8%). Most burn cases were infants, toddlers, and preschoolers (72.5%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of childhood injuries in Saudi Arabia: a scoping review

Albedewi

Al-Saud

Kashkary³

et al. 2021

BMC Pediatr

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Background Injury is the leading cause of death among Saudi children. Despite that, much remains unknown on the epidemiology and the extent of burden. This scoping review aims to describe previous literature on injury burden, including types, causes, and outcomes. Methods We conducted a scoping literature search of English published articles on injuries among Saudi children between 0 to 18 years old using Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science between January 2000 and December 2020. The primary outcome was the type and the cause of childhood injuries. Data extraction was based on specified data elements that included study characteristics and epidemiological parameters. The STROBE checklist was used to assess the quality of publications. Results The initial review identified 3,384 studies. Of which, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 20,136 children were included; of them, 69% were males. Among studies that examined overall injuries, falls represented 31.9%, while 25.1% were due to Motor Vehicle Collision (MVC). The leading cause of fractures was falls (37.9%), followed by MVC (21.5%). The leading cause was flames (52.1%) followed by scald (36.4%) for burns. While for poisoning, medications were the leading cause of (39.9%), followed by toxic household products (25.7%). Weighted mortality rates were 5.2% for overall injuries, 8.3% for fractures of the skull and spine, and 17.4% for burns. Conclusions MVC and falls are associated with the highest share of injuries in the kingdom. These findings can guide prevention efforts to reduce injury burden and improve population health. Further population-based research is warranted to explore the determinants of childhood injuries across all regions of Saudi Arabia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of childhood injuries in Saudi Arabia: a scoping review

Albedewi

Al-Saud

Kashkary³

et al. 2021

BMC Pediatr

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“…1 ) comprises of vascular damage, altered blood flow, and hypercoagulability of blood. These factors are active in varying degrees in venous thrombosis [ 61 , 62 ], atrial fibrillation [ 63 ], myocardial infarction [ 64 ], and stroke [ 65 ]. The significance of this triad is that it unifies the inflammatory and the coagulation pathways in the genesis of clotting [ 63 – 65 ].…”

Section: Virchow’s Triad In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thrombosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the prism of Virchow’s triad

2020

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The pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is gradually being comprehended. A high number of thrombotic episodes are reported, along with the mortality benefits of heparin. COVID-19 can be viewed as a prothrombotic disease. We overviewed the available evidence to explore this possibility. We identified various histopathology reports and clinical case series reporting thromboses in COVID-19. Also, multiple coagulation markers support this. COVID-19 can be regarded as a risk factor for thrombosis. Applying the principles of Virchow's triad, we described abnormalities in the vascular endothelium, altered blood flow, and platelet function abnormalities that lead to venous and arterial thromboses in COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with the release of procoagulant plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and hyperimmune response with activated platelets seem to be significant contributors to thrombogenesis in COVID-19. Stratifying risk of COVID-19 thromboses should be based on age, presence of comorbidities, D-dimer, CT scoring, and various blood cell ratios. Isolated heparin therapy may not be sufficient to combat thrombosis in this disease. There is an urgent need to explore newer avenues like activated protein C, PAI-1 antagonists, and tissue plasminogen activators (tPA). These should be augmented with therapies targeting RAAS, antiplatelet drugs, repurposed antiinflammatory, and antirheumatic drugs.

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“…31 Thus, in the infected population, there is unification of the inflammatory pathways and coagulation in the genesis of thromboembolic complications, possibly by activation of factors that compound the Virchow triad, including vascular damage, altered blood flow, and blood hypercoagulability. [33][34][35][36][37] Among stroke types, ischemic events are the most prevalent and directly associated with a worse prognosis for COVID-19. 12,22,[24][25][26]28,32,38 Many studies have reinforced that age could be the main factor for this greater susceptibility of ischemic stroke among infected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most significant were poorly controlled diabetes, obesity, and other comorbidities as well as a prolonged hospitalization time. 34,39,40 Therefore, thromboembolic complications could represent a relevant part of the clinical picture of COVID-19 present from the initial hospitalization. 26,27 A recent study showed that the rate of Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE) detected in intensive care settings for patients without COVID-19 was <2%; however, in cases in which the novel coronavirus was detected, the rate was >20%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%