Incidence and risk factors of preoperative isolated calf deep venous thrombosis following hip fractures

Abstract

There is still a lack of data on isolated calf deep vein thrombosis (ICDVT) following hip fractures surgery. The study aimed to determine the incidence of preoperative ICDVT and the associated risk factors in patients with hip fractures requiring surgery.The 289 patients who required hip surgery were included, duplex ultrasonography was routinely used to make a definite diagnosis of preoperative ICDVT located in unilateral or bilateral calf. Data on demographics and laboratory-associated blood biomarkers results were included. Univariate analyses were used to analyse the data of demographics, comorbidities, personal history operation related indexes and laboratory biomarkers, then the multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the independent risk factors associated with ICDVT.Sixty-eight (23.5%) patients were diagnosed with preoperative ICDVTs. The univariate analyses showed significant differences regarding ICDVT were age, current smoking, alcohol consumption, time from injury to operation, albumin, white blood cells, lymphocyte, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and activated partial thromboplastin time level among the 44 factors. The multivariable model confirmed 3 risk factors were significantly independent in association with preoperative ICDVTs, including current smoking, time delay from injury to operation and activated partial thromboplastin time (<28 seconds).The incidence of preoperative ICDVT in hip fracture was 23.5%, and patients with associated risk factors are prone to form ICDVTs, identification of these factors may help to reduce the incidence of ICDVT with hip fractures by taking early prevention measures. Abbreviations: APTT = activated partial thromboplastin time, DUS = duplex ultrasonography; DVT = deep vein thrombosis; ICDVT = isolated calf deep vein thrombosis; OR = odds ratio; PE = pulmonary embolism.

Risk factors and prediction model of nomogram for preoperative calf muscle vein thrombosis in geriatric hip fracture patients

“…Therefore, clinicians need to notice the time from injury to admission and develop individualized treatment plans for high-risk patients to prevent thromboembolic events. There was a strong association between smoking history and patients with CMVT in our study, which is consistent with the outcomes of previous studies (20). Smoking can directly damage the intima, inhibit the production of nitric oxide and reduce vascular elasticity, thereby affecting the function of vascular endothelial cells and leading to the rupturing of vessels (24).…”

“…A few studies have reported risk factors for CMVT in geriatric hip fracture patients, including smoking, time from injury to surgery, and D-dimer levels (9,20). This is similar to the results of our study.…”