Incidence and risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

BackgroundThe study aims to explore the incidence and risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for clinical studies on the association between hemodialysis and cognitive dysfunction from the database's inception to 1 December 2022. Two researchers independently completed data extraction and risk of bias assessments for the included studies. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA15.0 software.ResultsTen studies were included in this meta‐analysis, with a total of 5535 hemodialysis patients, that is, 2033 patients with cognitive dysfunction and 3502 patients with normal cognitive function. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores of the included studies were greater than 5. Meta‐analysis results suggested that the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients was (effect size = 51%, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.33, 0.69]), and hemodialysis patients with cognitive dysfunction were often older than those with normal cognition (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.49, 95% CI [0.31, 0.68]). Female gender was a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients (relative risk [RR] = 1.21, 95% CI [1.04, 1.41]); diabetes (RR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.04, 1.71]) and stroke (RR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.08, 2.55]) increased the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in hemodialysis patients.ConclusionsThe most important risk factors for cognitive dysfunction associated with hemodialysis might be female gender, old age, diabetes, and stroke. Close attention should be paid to such patients for early prevention.

MRC avanzata e genere: una visione pluriprospettica /multidimensionale

“…Una recente metanalisi che comprende 10 studi per un totale di 5.535 pazienti in emodialisi ha messo in evidenza come tra i fattori di rischio più importanti per il deficit cognitivo rientri, oltre all'età, al diabete mellito e alle patologie cerebrovascolari, anche il sesso femminile (25). Una possibile spiegazione può essere ricercata nelle alterazioni ormonali relative agli ormoni sessuali e in particolare nella riduzione dei livelli di estradiolo.…”