Incidence and Risk Factors of Early-onset Glaucoma following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in Egyptian Children: A One-year Study

Gawdat, Ghada; Youssef, Mohamed M.; Bahgat, Nermeen M; El-Fayoumi, Dina; Eddin, Mohamed As

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1229

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, fully developed secondary glaucoma was seen in only 7% (n = 8/110), whereas glaucoma suspect was seen in 3% (n = 3/110) and OHT in 9% (n = 10/110), reflecting the literature. 17,21,22,27,28 The rate of bilateral involvement was significantly higher in the IOP group (72%; non-IOP: 42%), which reflects the literature. 18 In bilateral cataract cases several underlying causes such as congenital infections (such as TORCH), or drug exposure have to be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Clinical characteristics and treatment of secondary glaucoma, glaucoma suspects and ocular hypertension after congenital cataract surgery

Eibenberger

Kiss

Schmidt‐Erfurth

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Objective: To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure after congenital cataract surgery in a real-world setting. Methods: This retrospective case series included all children aged 0–2 years undergoing lens extraction due to congenital cataract. Development of an elevated intraocular pressure was divided into three groups: secG, suspG and OHT. Further, risk factors for IOP changes, the therapeutic approach and functional outcome were assessed during follow-up. Results: One hundred and sixty-one eyes of 110 patients aged 0–2 years were included, whereof 29 eyes of 17 children developed secondary glaucoma (secG; 11 eyes/8 patients), glaucoma suspect (suspG; three eyes/three patients) or ocular hypertension (OHT; 15 eyes/10 patients). No difference in surgrical procedure ( p = 0.62) was found, but age at cataract surgery differed significantly ( p = 0.048), with the secG group (1.74 ± 1.01 months) being the youngest (suspG: 3.93 ± 1.80 months; OHT group: 5.91 ± 5.36 months). Secondary surgical intervention was significantly higher in the secG (4.64 ± 3.41) followed by the suspG (2.00 ± 2.65) and OHT groups (0.40 ± 0.74; p < 0.001). Postoperative complications including nystagmus ( p = 0.81), strabismus ( p = 0.98) and amblyopia ( p = 0.73) showed no difference, in contrast to visual axis obscuration which was more common in the secG group ( p = 0.036). Conclusion: Initial lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy procedure together with or without IOL implantation seems to have no influence for the development of IOP changes after pediatric cataract surgery. However, children who developed secondary glaucoma had cataract surgery significantly earlier, within the first 2–3 months of life. Glaucoma surgery was required to achieve final IOP control in most eyes. The development of secondary glaucoma was also associated with a significant increase in surgical re-treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and treatment of secondary glaucoma, glaucoma suspects and ocular hypertension after congenital cataract surgery

Eibenberger

Kiss

Schmidt‐Erfurth

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…In addition, 22.2% of the glaucoma cases in the IOL group had an IOL placed in the ciliary sulcus (10) . Gawdat et al (25) reported that most cases of glaucoma occur during the first year of follow-up, and its incidence was higher in aphakic eyes than pseudophakic eyes (77% vs. 22%, respectively). Haargaard et al (26) showed that glaucoma cases continued to occur even >10 years after surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resultados a longo prazo de implante primário de lente intraocular no saco capsular em crianças menores que 24 meses

Koch¹,

Kara-Júnior²,

Santhiago³

et al. 2021

ABO

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety of primary intraocular lens implantation in a large number of eyes in children aged <24 months. Methods: The medical records of patients aged 5-24 months, who underwent primary intraocular lens implantation in the capsular bag, were reviewed. A foldable three-piece acrylic intraocular lens was implanted by the same surgeon using a single surgical technique. Patients who had <1 year of follow-up after the surgery were excluded. The main outcome measurements included visual acuity, myopic shift, follow-up complications, and additional surgeries. Results: Sixty-eight patients (93 eyes) were analyzed. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 15.06 ± 6.19 months (range: 5-24 months), and the spherical equivalent 1 month after surgery was 3.62 ± 2.32 D. After 5.67 ± 3.10 years, the spherical equivalent was -0.09 ± 3.22 D, and the corrected distance visual acuity was 0.33 ± 0.33 and 0.64 ± 0.43 logMAR in bilateral and unilateral cases, respectively (p=0.000). The highest myopic shift was observed in infants who underwent surgery at ages 5 and 6 months. The most frequent complications included visual axis opacification and corectopia. Glaucoma and retinal detachment were not reported. Conclusion: Primary in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation in children aged 5-24 months is safe, and is associated with low rates of adverse events and additional surgery.

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“…Previous studies have found the risk of secondary glaucoma to be between 0% and 58% following congenital cataract surgery, but the risk varies with differences in the study population, the definition of glaucoma and the length of follow‐up (Chen et al., 2006, Gawdat et al. (n.d.); Haargaard et al., 2008, Sachdeva et al., 2016; Solebo & Rahi, 2020, Wang et al., 2020). In studies including older children up to 14 years at the time of cataract surgery, the risk of developing secondary glaucoma was 2%–23.7% when the children had a mean follow‐up time between 1 and 5 years (Beheshtnejad et al., 2022; Freedman et al., 2020; Magnusson et al., 2000; Nyström, Haargaard, et al., 2020; Repka et al., 2022; Tatham et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term risk of glaucoma after cataract surgery in childhood

Schmidt,

Eriksson,

Bach‐Holm

et al. 2024

Acta Ophthalmologica

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PurposeTo examine the long‐term risk of glaucoma after cataract surgery in childhood.MethodsThis study took place from January 2022 until December 2022 and included patients from a large family with hereditary childhood cataract who had cataract surgery before 18 years of age. Patients underwent an ophthalmologic examination to determine the presence of glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Patients who did not want to participate in the examination could contribute with a medical journal from their treating ophthalmologist. The risk of long‐term glaucoma was determined using survival analysis, and risk factors were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsWe included 68 patients (133 eyes) with a median age at cataract surgery of 7 years (IQR: 5–10). The median follow‐up time after cataract surgery to glaucoma/OHT or the latest ophthalmologic examination was 35 years (IQR: 15–48). Twelve patients (18 eyes) had glaucoma, and five patients (eight eyes) had OHT, resulting in 15 patients with glaucoma/OHT. The long‐term risk of glaucoma/OHT diagnosed in adulthood was 47.7% (CI: 21.8–70.9) at the age of 70 years of patients who were free of glaucoma before their 18th year. We could not confirm or dismiss an association between glaucoma/OHT and sex, age at surgery, number of ocular interventions before 18 years of age or glaucoma after cataract surgery in a first‐degree relative.ConclusionCataract surgery in childhood is associated with a high risk of late‐onset glaucoma. Regular lifelong follow‐up is important to ensure early diagnosis and prevent extensive vision loss.

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Early-onset Glaucoma following Pediatric Cataract Surgery in Egyptian Children: A One-year Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Clinical characteristics and treatment of secondary glaucoma, glaucoma suspects and ocular hypertension after congenital cataract surgery

Clinical characteristics and treatment of secondary glaucoma, glaucoma suspects and ocular hypertension after congenital cataract surgery

Resultados a longo prazo de implante primário de lente intraocular no saco capsular em crianças menores que 24 meses

Long‐term risk of glaucoma after cataract surgery in childhood

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