Incidence and Severity of Chronic Pain at 3 and 6 Months After Thoracotomy: Meta-Analysis

Chronic postsurgical pain in Europe

“…1,19 Our results also indicate that the incidence of moderate CPSP declines between 6 and 12 months, confirming a tendency already described between 3 and 6 months after surgery, 18 in contrast to some other reports. 20 This differs from severe CPSP wherein the incidence appears stable suggesting a potential for long-lasting evolution. Of those patients who did not indicate pain at 6 months, very few reported CPSP at 12 months after surgery.…”

Trends and New Evidence in the Management of Acute and Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain—An Overview of the Literature from 2005 to 2015

“…54 CPTP has both myofascial and neuropathic characteristics. 55 However, some studies suggest a predominantly neuropathic component.…”

Gender aspects in postoperative pain

“…However, gender was not a predictor for pain 6 months after open general, gynecological or urological abdominal procedures (assessed by the Short-Form-36 Health Survey; n ¼ 101 [19 & ]), although 1 year after liver transplantation men showed more bodily pain, as assessed by the Short-Form-36 Health Survey (n ¼ 52) [20]. Similarly, a high number of patients develop chronic postsurgical pain after open as well as minimal-invasive thoracic surgical procedures [59,60]. A recent retrospective study including 1284 patients showed that female gender was a risk factor for developing postsurgical chronic pain in general (OR ¼ 1.77) but not for chronic neuropathic pain [21 & ].…”