Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

Amo, Julia del; Polo, Rosa; Guillén, Santiago Moreno; Díaz, Asunción; Martínez, Estebán; Arribas, José Ramón; Jarrín, Inma; Hernán, Miguel A.

doi:10.7326/m20-3689

Cited by 315 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This needs careful interpretation due to a wide overall 95% CI as well as due to studies with different designs. This evidence is supported by two large cohort studies conducted in Spain and South Africa, showing that the risks for PCR-con rmed COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death among HIV-positive persons receiving ART were greater in men compared to old age [42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. However, the risk for hospitalization varied by the nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimen and was lower in patients receiving TDF/FTC versus those receiving other regimens [42][43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence

Tamuzi

Birhanu

Shumba³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The triple burden of COVID-19, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus is one of the major global health challenges of the 21 st century. In high burden HIV/TB countries, the spread of COVID-19 among people living with HIV is a well-founded concern. A thorough understanding of HIV/TB and COVID-19 pandemics is important as the three diseases interact. This may clarify HIV/TB/COVID-19 as a newly related field and play an important role in the present and future management of the co-infections. However, several gaps are remaining in the knowledge of the burden of COVID-19 on patients with TB and HIV, the diagnosis, and management of these patients. Objectives The study was conducted to review different studies on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or COVID-19 associated with HIV/TB co-infection or only TB and to understand the interactions between HIV, TB and COVID-19 and its implications on the burden of the COVID-19 among HIV/TB co-infected or TB patients, screening algorithm and clinical management. Methods We conducted electronic search of potential eligible studies published in English in the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, Medrxiv, Google scholar and Clinical Trials Registry databases. We included case studies, case series and observational studies published between January, 2002 and March, 2020 in which SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19 co-infected to HIV/TB or TB were managed in adult patients. We screened titles, abstracts and full articles for eligibility. As we anticipated heterogeneity in the literature, results were reported narratively. Main results After removing 69 duplicates, 24 out of 246 articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 9 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Among them, we included two case reports, four case series, one case-control and two retrospective observational studies. The studies have shown that TB may occur during or after SARS-CoV. In terms of severity, the proportion of severe/critical SARS, MERS and COVID cases with TB co-infection was higher than in patients with mild/moderate stages (P= 0.0008). Conclusion SARS/MERS-CoV/COVID-19 associated to HIV/TB or TB subjects had a higher risk of developing severe/critical than mild/moderate SARS/MERS-CoV/COVID-19. Diagnostic algorithms and clinical management were suggested for efficiently improving COVID-19/HIV/TB co-infections outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence

Tamuzi

Birhanu

Shumba³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This needs careful interpretation due to a wide overall 95% CI as well as due to studies with different designs. This evidence is supported by two large cohort studies conducted in Spain and South Africa, showing that the risks for PCR-con rmed COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and death among HIVpositive persons receiving ART were greater in men compared to old age [42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. However, the risk for hospitalization varied by the nucleoside transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimen and was lower in patients receiving TDF/FTC versus those receiving other regimens [42][43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence

Tamuzi

Birhanu

Shumba³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The triple burden of COVID-19, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus is one of the major global health challenges of the 21st century. In high burden HIV/TB countries, the spread of COVID-19 among people living with HIV is a well-founded concern. A thorough understanding of HIV/TB and COVID-19 pandemics is important as the three diseases interact. This may clarify HIV/TB/COVID-19 as a newly related field. However, several gaps remain in the knowledge of the burden of COVID-19 on patients with TB and HIV. This study was conducted to review different studies on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or COVID-19 associated with HIV/TB co-infection or only TB, to understand the interactions between HIV, TB and COVID-19 and its implications on the burden of the COVID-19 among HIV/TB co-infected or TB patients, screening algorithm and clinical management.Methods: We conducted an electronic search of potentially eligible studies published in English in the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, Medrxiv, Google scholar and Clinical Trials Registry databases. We included case studies, case series and observational studies published between January, 2002 and July, 2020 in which SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID-19 co-infected to HIV/TB or TB in adults. We screened titles, abstracts and full articles for eligibility. Descriptive and meta-analysis were done and results have been presented in graphs and tables.Results: After removing 95 duplicates, 58 out of 437 articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 14 studies were included for descriptive analysis and seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the descriptive analysis, the meta-analysis showed strong evidence that current TB exposure was high-risk COVID-19 group (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.65, P= 0.03). The pooled of COVID-19/TB severity rate increased from OR 4.50 (95% CI 1.12-18.10, P=0.03), the recovery rate was high among COVID-19 compared to COVID-19/TB irrespective of HIV status (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.83-2.74, P < 0.001) and the mortality was reduced among non-TB group (P<0.001).Conclusion: In summary, TB was a risk factor for COVID-19 both in terms of severity and mortality irrespective of HIV status. Structured diagnostic algorithms and clinical management are suggested to improve COVID-19/HIV/TB or COVID-19/TB co-infections outcomes.

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“…Another difference between the two Spanish cohorts lies in the prior antiretroviral treatment for HIV. The antiviral activity of lopinavir / ritonavir described against MERS or SARS [37] , as well as the recently demonstrated efficacy of remdesivir [13] (a nuclotide analog that has similarities to tenofovir), have suggested that patients with HIV infection, on antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors or tenofovir (TDF), may have a lower infection rate or severity [38] . No conclusions can be drawn with our data in this regard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in people living with HIV: A multicenter case-series study

Cabello¹,

Zamarro²,

Nistal³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in HIV-Positive Persons Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract: This study describes the incidence and severity of COVID-19 among 77 590 HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). These findings warrant further investigation of HIV ART in HIV preexposure prophylaxis studies and randomized trials among persons without HIV.

Cited by 315 publications

References 51 publications

Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence

Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence

Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence

COVID-19 in people living with HIV: A multicenter case-series study

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