Incidence and Time Trends of Cancer in Cyprus over 11 Years (1998-2008)

Abstract

Cyprus maintains a population-based cancer registry that allows for in-depth study of cancer in a culturally- and environmentally-unique setting. Using eleven years of collected data (1998-2008), we present the first comprehensive analysis of cancer in Cyprus. We calculated gender-specific, world age-adjusted incidence rates and time trends for the 26 most incident cancers. This study revealed that overall world age-standardized rates among males increased from 195.4 cases per 100,000 in 1998-2002 to 239.0 cases per 100,000 in 2006-2008. For the entire eleven-year period, prostate, lung, colorectal, and bladder cancers were the most incident cancers among males. Among females, the overall world age-standardized rate increased from 180.6 cases per 100,000 in 1998-2002 to 217.1 cases per 100,000 in 2006-2008. Over the entire period, breast, colorectal, uterine, and thyroid were the most incident cancers in females. There were sixteen sex-specific cancers that indicated statistically significant increasing incidence trends over the study period, and no types for which the rate was significantly decreasing. Thyroid cancer illustrated rapid increases in rates. Results were compared to other Mediterranean European registries reported in Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents report for 1997-2002. Overall cancer incidence in Cyprus is lower than that of Southern Mediterranean countries, and given the known environmental risk factors in Cyprus, the low rate of lung cancer is especially interesting. The epidemiologic patterns reported in this study open the door for future etiologic studies to elucidate role of environmental and lifestyle factors of cancer in this population and highlight opportunities for cancer prevention and control.

Lung cancer and tobacco smoking in Crete, Greece: reflections from a population-based cancer registry from 1992 to 2013

“…Moreover, even though most of the municipalities in Crete are characterized as rural or semi-urban, their residents still have a diverse demographic profile; this leads to inequalities even between rural regions of the same county [15]. Smoking prevalence in these regions may have affected the lung cancer incidence rates, since, as mentioned in the literature, individuals over 70 present significantly lower smoking rates, or die from other causes due to the lag period between tobacco exposure and disease onset [38]. Apart from smoking, other occupational and environmental risk factors may have an additional effect on the increased lung cancer burden in certain rural municipalities that presented high lung cancer incidence and mortality.…”

Geographic trends of tobacco-related cancers in Cyprus

“…Strengths of this study include the large dataset used from the Cyprus Cancer Registry, the dataset’s previous utilization in research and comparisons with other countries [ 20 , 26 ], and the use of maps depicting all geographic regions of Cyprus. However, the ecologic nature of the study and lack of information regarding measurements of individual exposures to tobacco limited our ability to draw conclusions after hypothesis generation.…”

“…Although cancer incidence in Cyprus may be lower than that of neighboring countries, it has slightly increased between 1998 and 2008 [ 20 ], which suggests that the high proportion of individuals who partake in cigarette or other forms of smoking can eventually lead to higher rates of cancer in the coming years due to the lag period between tobacco exposure and disease onset. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of several tobacco-related cancers to the incidence of all other cancers by district and by rural–urban classification and to other European countries to better understand the impact of tobacco in Cyprus.…”

Epidemiología del cáncer de vejiga con énfasis en Colombia - revisión de la literatura

“…18 En cuanto la incidencia 2 estudios los desarrollados por Bernal-Perez M y col. y Mistry M y col. encontraron un descenso de la incidencia a través de los años, ese último llegando a hacer un estimado de la incidencia de 29,3/100.000 personas en 1984 a 15,9/100.000 para el 2030. 4,19 Por otro lado, tres estudios concuerdan en un aumento de la incidencia a lo largo de los años Cooter y col. observaron un aumento de 25,2/100.000 personas en 1998, a 28,1/100.000 personas para 2005 para hombres 20 ; Así mismo, los estudios de Mihajlović y col. y Andreassen y col., llegaron a hallazgos similares los cuales concluyen que el aumento de la incidencia puede deberse a cambios en los factores de riesgo principalmente el consumo de cigarrillo. 18,21 La mortalidad se evaluó en cuatro estudios.…”