Incidence and Virulence Traits of Candida Dubliniensis Isolated From Clinically Suspected Patients

Abstract

Objective: Fungal infections are caused by Candida species are increasing mainly in immunocompromised patients. Among Candida species, Candida dubliniensis has recently increasing opportunistic pathogenic yeast. The present study was aimed to assess the incidence and virulence factors of C. dubliniensis isolated from urine samples of various hospitalized clinically suspected patients.Methods: Totally 1,406 urine samples were processed, among that 9 (0.64%) were identified as C. dubliniensis by germ tube production, biochemical test (Candida identification kit), CHROM agar Candida differential medium and growth at 45°C. Virulence factors of the C. dubliniensis, viz., phospholipase, proteinase, esterase, lipase, hemolysin, and biofilm production were detected by standard procedures.Results: Maximum number of C. dubliniensis have ability to produce protienase 6 (66.66%), followed by esterase 5 (55.55%), biofilm formation 4 (44.44%), hemolysin 2 (22.22%), and phospholipase and lipase 1 (11.1%), respectively. Conclusion:The result revealed that these enzymes are potential virulence factors are the most important thing to realize pathogenesis of C. dubliniensis.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Traditional Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds against Clinically Important Pathogens

“…Moreover, chrysin (24), phloretin (25), naringenin (3), kaempferol (23), epicatechin gallate (26), proanthocyanidins (27), and EGCG (20) (Figure 2) inhibited N-acyl homoserine lactones-mediated QS [130][131][132]. Hydrophilic flavonoids such as 6-aminoflavone (28), 6-hydroxyflavone (29), apigenin (8), chrysin (24), daidzein (30), genistein (31), auronol (32), and phloretin (25) (Figure 2) have inhibitory effects on E. coli biofilm formation [133,134]. In addition, Phloretin (25) inhibited fimbriae formation in E. coli by reducing the expression of the curli genes (csgA, csgB) and toxin genes (hemolysin E, Shiga toxin 2) [6], eventually inhibiting the formation of biofilm.…”

Efficacy and Mechanisms of Flavonoids against the Emerging Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

“…Bioactive compounds often contribute a noteworthy function in drug finding by helping as a novel drug of interest and templates for synthetic agents [71][72][73]. Copious investigations have established that natural bioactive compounds have possible antimycobacterial activities [2,60,74,75]. The single-handed practice of bioactive compounds or cocktails with classical antibiotics signifies a greater alternative treatment.…”

Vulvovaginal Candida albicans Clinical Isolates’ Resistance to Phagocytosis In-Vitro

“…The production of proteinases was evaluated with the procedure described in Raja Vinodhini et al, 2016 [ 12 ]. A cell suspension was prepared in sterile PBS at 0.5 MacFarland and inoculated (10 µL) in proteinase agar plates containing 2% glucose, 0.1% KH 2 PO 4 , 0.05% MgSO 4 , 2% agar, and 1% BSA solution in distilled water.…”

“…The enzymatic activity (Pz) was determined by calculating the ratio between the diameters of the colony vs. the precipitation zone. According to the literature [ 12 ], the lower the Pz value, the higher the enzymatic activity. When Pz = 1.0, the enzymatic activity is absent; when 0.64 < Pz < 1.0, the enzyme activity is positive; and when Pz ≤ 0.63 there is a strong positive enzymatic activity.…”