Incidence, clinical characteristics, and short-term outcome of first-episode schizophrenia

Association Between Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Outcome in Cohorts of First-Episode Patients

“…After obtaining the full articles for these abstracts, 35 eligible studies were identified, which were described in a total of 172 publications (a study flow diagram is available on the study Web site at http://www.lantern-centre .org.uk/dup). However, 9 of these studies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] did not provide quantitative data on the primary or secondary outcomes, so the final sample consisted of 26 studies involving 4490 participants ( Table) (the full reference list is available on request). In the 26 studies providing data, the mean age of participants at presentation was 27.8 years, with women composing 39% of the sample.…”

A systematic review of the incidence of schizophrenia: the distribution of rates and the influence of sex, urbanicity, migrant status and methodology

“…Out of 100 core studies, 39 studies report rates only for persons [33,40,45,47,48,55-57,59,61,73,75,79,86,87,116,91,93-96,99,103,104,107-109,112-114,118,120-122,124-127,183,192], 16 report rates only for males and females [41,63,68,74,82,102,110,111,116,117,119,123,187-190], and 45 studies report rates for persons, males, and females [13,31,46,49-54,58,60,65-67,69-72,76-78,80,81,83-85,88-90,92,97,98,100,101,105,106,115,148,180-182,184-186,191]. …”

“…Thirty seven discrete-core studies report rates only for persons [31,33,45-49,55-57,59,61,65,71,73,75,76,78,79,85,86,88,91,93-96,99,103,104,107,112,114,121,124-126,180,190], 13 report rates only for males and females [41,50,52,53,67,74,82,102,111,116,123,188,189], and 18 studies report rates for persons, males, and females [13,51,54,58,60,69,70,72,77,80,83,84,92,97,98,100,101,106]. …”

“…We identified 21 discrete-core studies with rates from urban sites [31,33,54,61,69-71,75,78,80,84,91,93,97,98,100,103,106,121,124,125], three studies from rural sites [57,59,60], and 42 studies with mixed urban-rural catchment areas [41,45-49],230,[50-53,55,56,58,65,67,72-74,76,77,79,82,83,85,86,88,92,94-96,99,101,102,104,107,111,112,114,116,123,188,189]. Two further studies provide rates for both urban and rural categories [13,126].…”

“…Twelve studies reported reliability data on their diagnostic techniques [13,33,45,54,65,71,78,83,96,102,121,124], and one study reported details of a 'leakage study' in order to identify potential missed cases [78]. Eight studies [46,53,54,61,72,74,101,117] provided more than one method of diagnostic assessment, however in this review we had to choose only one method in accordance with the rules outlined above.…”