Incidence of Acquired Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Finland: A 4-Year Prospective Multicenter Study

Niemi-Nikkola, Ville; Koskinen, Eerika; Väärälä, Eija; Kauppila, Anna-Maija; Kallinen, Mauri; Vainionpää, Aki

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2020.08.015

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although slightly lower, our findings are comparable to those from the Western Europe WHO Region for both TSCI (16 cases per million) [ 11 ] and NTSCI [ 3 ]. Similarly, our observed male-to-female ratio reflected previously identified proportions for both TSCI [ 22 , 24 ] and NTSCI [ 25 , 26 ]. In European studies, age at TSCI onset varied between 42 years in Russia [ 27 ] and 59 years in Finland [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This is quite different than our results, which are closer to those reported in Ireland, Switzerland, and Norway (range: 47 to 52 years) [ 22 – 24 ]. No significant differences were identified between our observed age at NTSCI onset and those reported in Norway, Ireland, and Finland (range: 55 to 62 years) [ 25 , 26 , 29 ]. The dominance of TSCI in older age groups in Norway and Finland could be related to national care pathways, as these countries send all SCI cases to rehabilitation centres, regardless of their age [ 24 , 28 ], whereas countries like Italy refer older SCI cases to elderly services rather than rehabilitation centres.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…The dominance of TSCI in older age groups in Norway and Finland could be related to national care pathways, as these countries send all SCI cases to rehabilitation centres, regardless of their age [ 24 , 28 ], whereas countries like Italy refer older SCI cases to elderly services rather than rehabilitation centres. The higher NTSCI incidence in Ireland and Finland may also be explained by their policy to refer these patients directly to specific NTSCI rehabilitation [ 26 , 29 ], whereas other countries refer these cases to a clinical setting focused on the underlying diseases that caused NTSCI (e.g., oncology, cardiovascular surgery) [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and mortality of spinal cord injury from 2008 to 2020: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the Piedmont Region, Italy

et al. 2022

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Study design Retrospective population-based cohort study. Objectives To determine the incidence and mortality of spinal cord injuries (SCI) in the Piedmont Region of Northwestern Italy. Setting Publicly-funded SCI rehabilitation centres in the Piedmont Region. Methods Administrative databases were used to identify individuals at their first admission to a SCI rehabilitation centre from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2020. Cases were stratified by age and aetiology (traumatic SCI, TSCI; non-traumatic SCI, NTSCI). Age- and aetiology-specific incidence rate and person-year mortality rates were calculated for each year. Case lethality was reported as deaths among prevalent cases for each year. Results A total of 892 cases were identified (56.4% TSCI). The average annual crude incidence rate was 17.9 per million population, decreasing from 26.0 in 2008 to 10.8 in 2020. Young adults and the elderly represented the majority of TSCI and NTSCI cases, respectively. Of the 235 individuals who died during the study period, 58.3% had NTSCI. The mortality rate per 1000 person-years decreased from 16.3 in 2009 to 8.5 in 2020, while case lethality more than tripled (from 17.2 in 2009 to 57.1 in 2020). Conclusions We identified a decreasing trend in SCI incidence and mortality rates, with an increased case lethality over the study period, especially in NTSCI. Given these changes in the epidemiology of SCI, community services offered after rehabilitation should be strengthened to enhance their effectiveness and contribute to increased survival in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and mortality of spinal cord injury from 2008 to 2020: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the Piedmont Region, Italy

et al. 2022

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“…This study suggests that the time since injury (i.e., ageing with SCI) is not associated with multimorbidity and that elderly persons with SCI often have other comorbidities as well. In Finland, the incidence of SCI is at 92 per million inhabitants annually; ~60% of these are NTSCI, and their mean age is 62 years [ 11 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of comorbidities and secondary health conditions among the Finnish population with spinal cord injury

et al. 2021

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Study design A cross-sectional study. Objectives To explore the prevalence of comorbidities, secondary health conditions (SHCs), and multimorbidity in the Finnish population with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting The data were collected from the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury Study (FinSCI). Participants were identified from three SCI outpatient clinics responsible for the lifelong follow-up of persons with SCI in Finland, (n = 884 participants, response rate; 50%). Methods The FinSCI-questionnaire included a question from the National Study of Health, Well-being, and Service (FinSote) for screening 12 comorbidities. The reference data of the general population for that question were received from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Condition Scale (SCI-SCS) was used to screen 16 SHCs. The data were analysed with univariate testing and multivariable negative binomial regression modelling. Results The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure/hypertension (38%), back problems (28%), and high cholesterol (22%). The most common SHCs were joint and muscle pain (81%), muscle spasms (74%), chronic pain (71%), and bowel problems (71%). The prevalence of comorbidities was highest among persons aged ≥76 years (mean; 2.0; scale range; 0–12). The prevalence of SHCs was highest in the severity of SCI group C1–4 AIS A, B, and C (mean; 8.9; scale range; 0–16). Conclusions Further research on geriatrics in SCI, non-traumatic SCI, and knowledge of the needs of persons with cervical lesion AIS A, B, or C is required, due to the fact that the prevalence of multimorbidity is high in these groups.

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“…It can be divided into two types according to the pathological changes occurring at different periods: acute SCI and chronic SCI [1]. According to epidemiological data, the annual number of new patients with SCI worldwide is 14-40 per 1 million people [2], 27-83 in the United States, 10-30 in Europe [3,4], and about 600 new patients with SCI per 1 million people in China every year [5]. Drug therapy, surgical treatment, and functional reconstruction after SCI are the main clinical treatment options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genistein Protects against Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation via TLR4-Mediated Microglial Polarization

Yao

et al. 2022

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Objective. The present study was designed to study the effect of genistein on spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods. We established SCI mouse model, and genistein was administered for treatment. We used the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) exercise rating scale to evaluate exercise recovery, and the detection of spinal cord edema was done using the wet/dry weight method. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining, and inflammation was evaluated by measuring inflammatory factors by an ELISA kit. The expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers was determined using flow cytometry, and the expression of proteins was detected using immunoblotting. Results. Genistein treatment not only improved the BBB score but also reduced spinal cord edema in SCI mice. Genistein treatment reduced apoptosis by increasing Bcl2 protein expression and decreasing Bax and caspase 3 protein expression. It also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in the SCI area of SCI mice. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that genistein treatment significantly decreased the ratio of M1 macrophages (CD45+/Gr-1-/CD11b+/iNOS+) and increased the ratio of M2 macrophages (CD45+/Gr-1-/CD11b+/Arginase 1+) in the SCI area of SCI mice on the 28th day after being treated with genistein. We also found that genistein treatment significantly decreased the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 protein in the SCI area of SCI mice on 28th day after being treated with genistein. Conclusion. Our findings suggested that genistein exerted neuroprotective action by inhibiting neuroinflammation by promoting the activation of M2 macrophages, and its underlying mechanisms might be related to the inhibition of the TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent signaling pathway.

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Incidence of Acquired Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Finland: A 4-Year Prospective Multicenter Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Incidence and mortality of spinal cord injury from 2008 to 2020: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the Piedmont Region, Italy

Incidence and mortality of spinal cord injury from 2008 to 2020: a retrospective population-based cohort study in the Piedmont Region, Italy

Prevalence of comorbidities and secondary health conditions among the Finnish population with spinal cord injury

Genistein Protects against Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation via TLR4-Mediated Microglial Polarization

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