Incidence of and risk factors for seizures after myelography performed with iohexol in dogs: 503 cases (2002–2004)

Costa, Ronaldo C. da; Parent, J; Dobson, Howard

doi:10.2460/javma.238.10.1296

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Seizure was not a significant occurrence in this study, in which only four patients had this adverse reaction; this finding was similar to that of Costa et al (2011), who reported an incidence of seizures of 3%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Epidemiological aspects of myelography in dogs: 61 cases (2003–2012)

et al. 2014

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Myelography is a radiological contrast examination technique frequently used in the diagnosis of vertebral spine and spinal cord disorders. The procedure involves inserting a needle with subsequent injection of contrast medium, which delimits the spinal cord. The main indication is suspected spinal injuries not visualized on plain radiographs. Myelography is effective in the identification of the location of the lesion but is contraindicated in patients with infectious diseases or who have recently experienced trauma. Advantages of myelography are cost effectiveness in both the examination procedure and maintenance of equipment, and delivery of quality images, compared with other imaging methods in dogs. Disadvantages include a relatively long examination procedure, the need for general anesthesia, and the risk of seizures or death. The aim of this study was to characterize a population of dogs undergoing myelography according to the following factors: severity of injury, breed, age, sex, reproductive status, diet, weight, previous illnesses, vertebral region evaluated, lesion location in spinal cord or meninges, cause of radiographic signs, and possible complications. The database was created from information in medical records, and included 61 dogs with suspected disorders of the vertebral spine, spinal cord, and/or meninges that underwent myelography at the Unidade Hospitalar para Animais de Companhia of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná from January 2003 through December 2012. The results indicate that the most common degree of injury severity was Grade 2 (39.34% of the patients). The most prevalent breeds were mixed breed dogs (22.58%) and the dachshund (18.03%). Ages with higher frequency were 6 and 10 years (average, 7.6 years). According to sex and reproductive status, intact male (42.62%) and female (36.06%) dogs were most affected. The commercial (50.82%) and mixed (44.26%) diets were the most common diets. The body weight between 6 and 15 kg (37.70%) was the most significant. Most of the patients showed no previous diseases (73.77%). The thoracolumbar region was the most evaluated (47.22%). Most injuries were extramedullary (62.30%), and the most common cause was intervertebral disc disease (52.38%). The complications of myelography were not significant. It can be seen that the data in our environment tend to be similar to those of the national literature, but international literature is currently focusing on more sensitive tests such as CT and MRI. Key words: Myelography, vertebral spine, spinal cord, intervertebral disc disease in dogs ResumoA mielografia é utilizada no diagnóstico de doenças da coluna vertebral e medula espinhal. são suspeitas de lesões medulares não visualizadas em radiografias simples. Suas contraindicações são em pacientes com doenças infecciosas ou que sofreram trauma recente. Se comparada a outros métodos imaginológicos em cães, apresenta a vantagem de ter baixo custo do exame e de manutenção. Como desvantagem, apresenta maior tempo para a realização do exame,...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Epidemiological aspects of myelography in dogs: 61 cases (2003–2012)

et al. 2014

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“…Others have reported an incidence of 25% to 42.8% in dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy . Dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy undergoing CT myelography are predisposed to a higher risk of postmyelographic seizures because of their large body size, injection of contrast medium via the cerebellomedullary cistern, the large volume of contrast medium used, and presence of cervical disease . It is the total volume of contrast medium, not the dose per kilogram, that is important as a cause of seizures .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography Myelographic Findings in Dogs With Cervical Spondylomyelopathy

Costa

Echandi²,

Beauchamp³

2011

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Computed tomography (CT) myelography is used occasionally in the diagnosis of cervical spondylomyelopathy, but the type of lesion found in large- versus giant-breed dogs using this modality has not been characterized. Our purpose was to report the frequency of compressive lesions in large- and giant-breed dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy and imaged using CT myelography. Fifty-eight dogs were retrospectively studied, 23 large-breed and 35 giant-breed dogs. Multiple sites of compression were found in 12 large-breed dogs (52.2%) compared to 30 (85.8%) giant-breed dogs. The main site of compression was at C5-6 and C6-7 in both large-breed (91.3%) and giant-breed (72.4%) dogs. The main cause and direction of compression was disc-associated and ventral in 19 (82.6%) of the large-breed dogs while osseous changes were the primary cause of compression in 27 (77.2%) of the giant-breed dogs, with most compressions being lateral (51.4%), followed by dorsolateral (14.2%). Osseous compression was observed at C7-T1 in eight giant-breed dogs (22.8%), and at T1-T2 or T2 only in five dogs (14.3%). Four of 23 large-breed dogs (17.4%), and seven (20%) of 35 giant-breed dogs had spinal cord atrophy. Therefore, giant-breed dogs often have multiple compressions, usually caused by osseous changes causing lateralized compressions. In large-breed dogs most compressions are disc-associated and located ventrally. Considering the number of giant-breed dogs with compressions at C7-T1, T1-2, and T2, it is important to include the cranial thoracic region when imaging dogs suspected of having cervical spondylomyelopathy.

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“…Previous studies have repeatedly associated vertebral subluxation with both caudal cervical intervertebral disc extrusions and creation of excessively wide VS defects . Postoperative AE reported to occur after VS procedures include myelographic‐associated seizures, persistent or worsening neck pain, deterioration in neurologic status, hypoventilation, wound infection, and cervical soft‐tissue swelling . Mortality rates associated with cervical decompressive surgery in dogs range from 1% to 25%, with a nonambulatory preoperative neurologic status being reported as a risk factor for mortality …”

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confidence: 99%

Acute adverse events associated with ventral slot decompression in 546 dogs with cervical intervertebral disc disease

et al. 2013

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Incidence of and risk factors for seizures after myelography performed with iohexol in dogs: 503 cases (2002–2004)

Abstract: Large-breed dogs with cervical lesions and large volumes of iohexol injected into the cerebellomedullary cistern had the highest risk of seizures. The use of contrast medium volumes > 8 mL in large dogs should be avoided, with preference given to injections into the lumbar cistern.

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Epidemiological aspects of myelography in dogs: 61 cases (2003–2012)

Epidemiological aspects of myelography in dogs: 61 cases (2003–2012)

Computed Tomography Myelographic Findings in Dogs With Cervical Spondylomyelopathy

Acute adverse events associated with ventral slot decompression in 546 dogs with cervical intervertebral disc disease

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