Incidence of anticancer drugs in an aquatic urban system: From hospital effluents through urban wastewater to natural environment

Ferrando-Climent, Laura; Rodríguez-Mozaz, Sara; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.002

Cited by 179 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Cancer incidence has increased in the so-called "modern societies" in the last years, and so has the use of antineoplastic drugs (2). Because of this, the amount of such drugs, their metabolites and transformation products in the environment is of great concern since they may induce adverse effects on both the environment and human health.…”

Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can also be resistant to conventional biological and chemical processes used during wastewater treatment (53) and may represent a challenge for the state-of-the-art technologies of water decontamination (2,48). Due to higher analytical sensibility to antineoplastic drugs, some of these chemicals have been reported in hospital waste effluents, in sewage treatment plants, and river water.…”

Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, some studies state that there is still a lack of research on antineoplastic agents, their metabolites and transformation products, as well as on environmental fate and impact (2,51). A fraction of these drugs is metabolised before being excreted and future studies should focus on the screening of metabolites and transformation products (which could also be present in wastewaters) since most of these compounds can have equal or even greater activity than the parent compounds (2,71,72).…”

Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fraction of these drugs is metabolised before being excreted and future studies should focus on the screening of metabolites and transformation products (which could also be present in wastewaters) since most of these compounds can have equal or even greater activity than the parent compounds (2,71,72).…”

Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important resources are mobilised in order to improve research on new therapeutics, and ultimately devise a cure for this particular disease. Despite the increase in the effectiveness and specificity of chemotherapeutic treatments, cancer still remains one of the most harmful diseases (2)(3)(4).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Forgotten public health impacts of cancer – an overview

Viegas

Ladeira

Veiga

et al. 2017

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Cancer is one of the diseases of greatest concern in developed countries and much effort has been invested in discovering and developing therapeutics for curing cancer. Despite the improvements in antineoplastic therapeutics in the last decades, cancer is still one of the most harmful diseases worldwide. The global burden of cancer also implies financial costs: these can be direct costs, such as those related to treatment, care, and rehabilitation and indirect, which include the loss of economic output due to missed work (morbidity costs) and premature death (mortality costs). There are also hidden costs such as health insurance premiums and nonmedical expenses that are worth noting. This paper intends to present an overview of the generally forgotten impacts that the increasing number of cancer cases can have on the environment, workers who handle antineoplastic drugs, and health services. The knowledge available of each of the impacts will be addressed and discussed regarding the expected development. Overall, lessons learnt reflect on the impact of cancer through aspects not commonly evidenced in the literature or even considered in socio-economic analysis, in part due to the fact that these are difficult to contemplate in direct and indirect cancer costs already defined. Attention may be drawn to the need of continuous investment in prevention to reduce the negative impact on the environment, and in the health of workers who handle antineoplastic drugs for patients' treatment. KEY WORDS: costs of cancer; global burden; occupational healthGlobally, cancer is a growing public health problem. It is the second cause of death (21 %) after cardiovascular diseases (48 %), followed by respiratory diseases (12 %) in the sector of non-communicable diseases or diseases caused by non-infectious and non-transmissible medical conditions (1). Important resources are mobilised in order to improve research on new therapeutics, and ultimately devise a cure for this particular disease. Despite the increase in the effectiveness and specificity of chemotherapeutic treatments, cancer still remains one of the most harmful diseases (2-4).In 2012, worldwide incidence of cancer rose to an estimated 14 million new cases per year, with an estimated 8.2 million cancer deaths. The most common cancers diagnosed were of lung (1.8 million cases, 13 %), breast (1.7 million, 11.9 %) and colon (1.4 million, 9.7 %) (1

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Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antineoplastic Drugs Impact On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Forgotten public health impacts of cancer – an overview

Viegas

Ladeira

Veiga

et al. 2017

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Antineoplastic Agents: Environmental Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes in Aquatic Organisms

Wormington

María

Kurita

et al. 2020

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 9.6 million cancer‐related deaths in 2018. Cancer incidence has increased over time, and so has the prescription rate of chemotherapeutic drugs. These pharmaceuticals, known as antineoplastic agents, enter the aquatic environment via human excretion and wastewater. The objectives of the present critical review were to investigate the risk of antineoplastics to aquatic species and to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding their levels in the environment, because many antineoplastics are not adequately removed during wastewater treatment. We conducted 2 separate literature reviews to synthesize data on the global environmental prevalence and toxicity of antineoplastics. The antineoplastics most frequently detected in the environment included cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, tamoxifen, methotrexate, and 5‐fluorouracil; all were detectable in multiple water sources, including effluent and surface waters. These antineoplastics span 3 different mechanistic classes, with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide classified as alkylating agents, tamoxifen as a hormonal agent, and methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil as antimetabolites. Studies that characterize the risk of antineoplastics released into aquatic environments are scarce. We summarize the biological impacts of the most environmentally prevalent antineoplastics on aquatic organisms and propose an adverse outcome pathway for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, 2 widely prescribed drugs with a similar immunotoxic mode of action. Acute and chronic ecotoxicity studies using aquatic models are needed for risk characterization of antineoplastics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:967–985. © 2020 SETAC

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Environmental Hazard of Anticancer Drugs: State of the Art and Future Perspective for Marine Organisms

Ribeiro

Lotufo

Loureiro

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Pharmaceutical compounds represent a class of emerging contaminants present in the environment. Their intense (and increasing) use in human and veterinary medicine leads to their discharge, mainly via human excretion, into wastewater treatment plants where their removal is inefficient. A specific class of pharmaceuticals used to fight cancer, known as antineoplastic or anticancer drugs, has gained increased attention regarding their possible environmental hazard due to their pharmacological properties, which include the nonselective targeting of DNA replication mechanisms and cell division processes, potentially inducing cell apoptosis. To date, there is limited information concerning the effects of anticancer drugs and/or their metabolites in species inhabiting freshwater environments, let alone marine and estuarine compartments. In the present review, we aimed to assemble information regarding the impact that anticancer drugs have on biological traits of marine species, to identify gaps in the current environmental hazard assessment, and to make recommendations to promote an efficient environmental hazard assessment of anticancer drugs in the marine environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1793–1807. © 2022 SETAC

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Incidence of anticancer drugs in an aquatic urban system: From hospital effluents through urban wastewater to natural environment

Cited by 179 publications

References 39 publications

Forgotten public health impacts of cancer – an overview

Forgotten public health impacts of cancer – an overview

Antineoplastic Agents: Environmental Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes in Aquatic Organisms

Environmental Hazard of Anticancer Drugs: State of the Art and Future Perspective for Marine Organisms

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