Incidence of cervical cancer by marital status.

Leck, Ian; Sibary, K; Wakefield, John

doi:10.1136/jech.32.2.108

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…We found a positive association between being single and a pre-cancerous lesion. Similar findings were reported by Leck et al (1978)18. This could be explained by the fact that of those who were single, 59% had more than two sexual partners.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Analysis of the Kadoma General Hospital Cervical Cancer Screening Program Dataset, 2014-2015

Magande¹

2016

TIJPH

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Early diagnosis of cervical cancer results in successful treatment. Visual Inspection with acetic Acid and Cervicography (VIAC) is an effective method of cervical cancer screening being used in Zimbabwe. In Kadoma screening started in 2014, 2506 clients had been screened in July 2015. Factors associated with VIAC positivity were determined since VIAC positivity was low, 3%. Materials and methods: An analytical cross sectional study based on secondary dataset analysis was conducted in 2015. All the 2506 clients were included. The data was exported from an electronic database into Epi Info 7TM (CDC. 2014). Frequencies and means were generated using this software. Bivariate analysis and multilogistic regression were also performed. Results: Among the clients who were screened, 81% were married. The median age was 39.7 years (Q1 =31; Q3=47). The median number of children was two (Q1 =2; Q3 =4).

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Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Analysis of the Kadoma General Hospital Cervical Cancer Screening Program Dataset, 2014-2015

Magande¹

2016

TIJPH

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“…Such policies do not have to be "all or nothing" -indeed, none of the risk factors which could reasonably be used have a high enough relative risk to justify screening only a single group (Hakama et al, 1979), but they could include more frequent screening of certain subgroups. Several demographic variables are associated with increased disease risk: social class/occupation (Beral, 1974), marital status (Leck et al, 1978), parity (Miller et al, 1980). The prevalence and incidence of precursor lesions are also related to these variables (Sweetnam et al, 1981;Parkin et al, 1982b).…”

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confidence: 99%

A computer simulation model for the practical planning of cervical cancer screening programmes

Dm¹

1985

Br J Cancer

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Summary There is ample evidence of the efficacy of cytological screening in the prevention of cervical cancer but disagreement on the form which screening programmes should take. Simulation models have been used as a convenient and rapid method of exploring the outcome of different screening policies and of demonstrating the importance and interrelationships of the variables concerned. However, most such models are either too abstract or too simplistic to be of practical value in planning screening programmes.A model is described which reproduces demographic events in a female population (that of England and Wales) over a 30 year period, and onto this superimposes the natural history of cervical carcinoma, using data derived from published studies. A microsimulation approach -each individual in the population being retained as a unit -allows factors such as disease onset and screening uptake to be dependent upon personal characteristics and past events. Screening can be offered as part of a routine programme, or incidentally -for example during pregnancy or hospital attendance.The model allows quantitative evaluation of the complex patterns of screening that are actually observed and the relative importance of the different components of such screening programmes. Assumptions about natural history can thus be studied.Cervical cytology screening is an effective means of reducing the incidence of invasive cancer of the cervix (Guzick, 1978;. However, the decision to introduce a screening programme into a population will depend upon considerations of the degree of benefit obtainable in relation to the resources deployed and this ratio will vary considerably with the actual programme design (who is to be examined, where, and how often). The utility of randomised trials to evaluate complex programmes involving repeated examinations and follow-up of large numbers of subjects is limited by the time and expense involved. It is possible to investigate only a limited number of screening schedules and the methodology used may be deemed obsolete or inappropriate by the time results become available. Finally, the apparently obvious benefit to be gained from early diagnosis means that it is difficult to convince physicians and their patients of the need for a controlled trial, so that they may be judged unethical, or the control group receive screening outside the trial.Health care models are a convenient way of predicting the results of different interventions, given varying assumptions about the relationships involved. Their advantages have been summarised by Eddy & Schwartz (1982 Coppleson & Brown (1975) is the simplest, a Markov process using just 4 states (normal, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (c.i.s.) and invasive cancer) and a set of transition rates between them compatible with observed cross-sectional data on incidence and prevalence of the preclinical states (Bibbo et al., 1971), and cumulative incidence of clinical cancer (Cutler & Young, 1975 An identical approach using the same model has recently been published b...

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A lay person's perspective on starting and stopping clinical trials

Robinson

1994

Statistics in Medicine

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Incidence of cervical cancer by marital status.

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis of the Kadoma General Hospital Cervical Cancer Screening Program Dataset, 2014-2015

Analysis of the Kadoma General Hospital Cervical Cancer Screening Program Dataset, 2014-2015

A computer simulation model for the practical planning of cervical cancer screening programmes

A lay person's perspective on starting and stopping clinical trials

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