Incidence of Chaotic Eating Behaviors in Binge-Eating Disorder: Contributing Factors

Hagan, Mary M.; Shuman, Ellen; Oswald, Kimberly D.; Corcoran, Kevin J.; Profitt, Jennifer H; Blackburn, Kathleen; Schwiebert, Michelle; Chandler, Paula C.; Birbaum, M. Christina

doi:10.1080/08964280209596048

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This pattern emerged in the first week and became more pronounced throughout the duration of the experiment, which is similar to previously reported work using a limited access protocol (8,9). Exposure to palatable foods or stress is capable of eliciting binge-intake behavior in rodents with a history of past caloric restriction when exposed to a nutritionally complete high fat diet similar to the one used in this study (2,3,4). In this study however, intermittent access to the nutritionally complete high fat diet alone was sufficient to induce binge type feeding in animals that had never been calorically restricted or stressed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Stress and dieting are two factors known to contribute to this type of disordered eating in both humans and animals. In particular, when stressed, animals with histories of caloric restriction will engage in "binge" like intake behavior when presented with a high fat diet (2,3,4). However, recent work suggests that limited access to an optional source of dietary fat alone, irrespective of To whom correspondence should be addressed: voice: (513) 558-6468, fax: (513) 558-4800.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of hydrogenated vegetable shortening and nutritionally complete high-fat diet on limited access-binge behavior in rats

Davis¹,

Melhorn²,

Shurdak³

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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Previous studies have suggested that intermittent exposure to hydrogenated vegetable shortening yields a binge/compensate pattern of feeding in rats. The present study was designed to assess whether rats would exhibit similar patterns of intake when given intermittent access to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet. Four groups of rats received varying exposure to either hydrogenated vegetable shortening or high-fat diet for 8 consecutive weeks. Animals were given daily and intermittent access to determine if the binge/compensate pattern of feeding was frequency dependent. At the conclusion of the study, body composition and plasma leptin levels were assessed to determine effects of diet and binge/compensate intake on endocrine alterations. As predicted, animals receiving intermittent access to high-fat diet displayed the binge/compensate pattern of feeding and appeared to compensate as a result of the caloric overload accompanying a particular binge episode. In addition, exposure to either shortening or high-fat diet led to alterations in body composition, while only exposure to shortening altered plasma leptin levels. These results suggest that binge-intake behavior occurs on a nutritionally complete high-fat diet and that this regimen is capable of altering both body composition and endocrine profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of hydrogenated vegetable shortening and nutritionally complete high-fat diet on limited access-binge behavior in rats

Davis¹,

Melhorn²,

Shurdak³

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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“…The unwillingness to forego PF in BEPs may be mediated by the same mechanisms that drive binge-eaters to seek out PF when stressed or when experiencing negative emotions. [41][42][43] PF may reduce stress in BEPs. Similar to our BEPs response to footshock stress, Dallman's group found that although rats stressed by physical restraint ate less total calories from a PF and chow choice diet, the proportion of PF consumed increased in the restrained vs unrestrained rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High intake of palatable food predicts binge-eating independent of susceptibility to obesity: an animal model of lean vs obese binge-eating and obesity with and without binge-eating

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine the stability of individual differences in non-nutritive 'junk' palatable food (PF) intake in rats; assess the relationship of these differences to binge-eating characteristics and susceptibility to obesity; and evaluate the practicality of using these differences to model binge-eating and obesity. Design: Binge-eating prone (BEP) and resistant (BER) groups were identified. Differential responses to stress, hunger, macronutrient-varied PFs, a diet-induced obesity (DIO) regimen and daily vs intermittent access to a PF þ chow diet, were assessed. Subjects: One hundred and twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats. Measurements: Reliability of intake patterns within rats; food intake and body weight after various challenges over acute (1, 2, 4 h), 24-h and 2-week periods. Results: Although BEP and BER rats did not differ in amount of chow consumed, BEPs consumed 450% more intermittent PF than BERs (Po0.001) and consistently so (a ¼ 0.86). BEPs suppressed chow but not PF intake when stressed, and ate as much when sated as when hungry. Conversely, BERs were more affected by stress and ate less PF, not chow, when stressed and were normally hyperphagic to energy deficit. BEP overeating generalized to other PFs varying in sucrose, fat and nutrition content. Half the rats in each group proved to be obesity prone after a no-choice high fat diet (DIO diet) but a continuous diet of PF þ chow normalized the BEPs high drive for PF. Conclusion: Greater intermittent intake of PF predicts binge-eating independent of susceptibility to weight gain. Daily fat consumption in a nutritious source (DIO-diet; analogous to a fatty meal) promoted overeating and weight gain but limiting fat to daily non-nutritive food (PF þ chow; analogous to a snack with a low fat meal), did not. The data offer an animal model of lean and obese binge-eating, and obesity with and without binge-eating that can be used to identify the unique physiology of these groups and henceforth suggest more specifically targeted treatments for binge-eating and obesity.

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“…When rats are exposed to cycles of alternating periods of food restriction (dieting) and periods of exposure to (palatable) food, they will start to display binges on palatable food [138]. Indeed, alternating periods of dieting and binging on palatable food are highly prevalent in humans with BED [139]. Hagan et al [112,113] have suggested that a diet cycle model has face and construct validity for BED.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Animal Model of Food Addiction

Jong¹,

Vanderschuren²,

Adan³

2012

Obes Facts

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The dramatically increasing prevalence of obesity, associated with potentially life-threatening health problems, including cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes, poses an enormous public health problem. It has been proposed that the obesity epidemic can be explained by the concept of ‘food addiction’. In this review we focus on possible similarities between binge eating disorder (BED), which is highly prevalent in the obese population, and drug addiction. Indeed, both behavioral and neural similarities between addiction and BED have been demonstrated. Behavioral similarities are reflected in the overlap in DSM-IV criteria for drug addiction with the (suggested) criteria for BED and by food addiction-like behavior in animals after prolonged intermittent access to palatable food. Neural similarities include the overlap in brain regions involved in food and drug craving. Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability in the striatum has been found in animal models of binge eating, after cocaine self-administration in animals as well as in drug addiction and obesity in humans. To further explore the neurobiological basis of food addiction, it is essential to have an animal model to test the addictive potential of palatable food. A recently developed animal model for drug addiction involves three behavioral characteristics that are based on the DSM-IV criteria: i) extremely high motivation to obtain the drug, ii) difficulty in limiting drug seeking even in periods of explicit non-availability, iii) continuation of drug-seeking despite negative consequences. Indeed, it has been shown that a subgroup of rats, after prolonged cocaine self-administration, scores positive on these three criteria. If food possesses addictive properties, then food-addicted rats should also meet these criteria while searching for and consuming food. In this review we discuss evidence from literature regarding food addiction-like behavior. We also suggest future experiments that could further contribute to our understanding of behavioral and neural commonalities and differences between obesity and drug addiction.

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Incidence of Chaotic Eating Behaviors in Binge-Eating Disorder: Contributing Factors

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of hydrogenated vegetable shortening and nutritionally complete high-fat diet on limited access-binge behavior in rats

Comparison of hydrogenated vegetable shortening and nutritionally complete high-fat diet on limited access-binge behavior in rats

High intake of palatable food predicts binge-eating independent of susceptibility to obesity: an animal model of lean vs obese binge-eating and obesity with and without binge-eating

Towards an Animal Model of Food Addiction

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