Incidence of Chloracne among Chemical Workers Potentially Exposed to Chlorinated Dioxins

Bond, Gregory G.; McLaren, Elsie A.; Brenner, F E; Cook, Ralph R.

doi:10.1097/00043764-198909000-00017

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…While 1 study found a strong association of chlorophenols with nasopharyngeal cancer, 28 others were unable to demonstrate it. 29,30 For sinonasal cancer, no association 30 or a possible positive association 31 were found in different studies. To reduce the potential effects on the results of other factors associated with wood-related occupations, we intentionally add wood-exposure variables including histories of working in a pulp mill, saw mill or planking mill, working with or around wood preservatives or wood treating chemicals, working with or around plywood, fiberboard or particleboard and working with or around wood or saw dust on a job to the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Zhu

Levine

Brann

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Sinonasal cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer may share some risk factors because both are located within the upper aerodigestive tract. They may also have different etiological profiles because of anatomic or pathologic differences. However, the similarities and differences in risk factors have rarely been studied within the same population. We assessed the risk factor profiles of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers, using data from a case-control study. The 2 case groups consisted of men aged 31-59 and diagnosed pathologically with sinonasal cancer (n‫)07؍‬ and nasopharyngeal cancer (n‫,)311؍‬ respectively. Controls were men without these cancers and selected from the same areas (n‫.)0191؍‬ Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking was a risk factor for both sinonasal [odds ratio (OR)‫,5.2؍‬ 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-5.4] and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR‫,8.1؍‬ 95%CI 1.1-3.0). However, ever use of barbiturates without a prescription (OR‫,9.4؍‬ 95%CI 1.7-13.8), working with or around cutting oils on a job (OR‫,9.1؍‬ 95%CI 1.1-3.1) and ever having had sinus infections (OR‫,3.2؍‬ 95%CI 1.1-4.6) were associated with nasopharyngeal cancer only. Having received blood products other than a transfusion (OR‫,1.9؍‬ 95%CI 2.2-37.4) and exposure to a pesticide containing 2,4,5-T (OR‫,9.5؍‬ 95%CI 1.5-23.7) were related to sinonasal cancer only. When data analyses were confined to squamous cell type, smoking and exposure to chlorophenols were related to squamous cell tumors at both sites. However, use of barbiturates and sinus problems other than infection only increased the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our study suggests that except for smoking and chlorophenol exposure, which are associated with both sites, the risk factor profiles may differ between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: case-control studies; nasopharyngeal cancer; risk factors; sinonasal cancer; smokingContiguous sites within a system may be prone to the effect of the same risk factors for cancer because of their common exposures. However, the sites within a system usually differ in anatomical or histologic features and therefore may have different susceptibility to different etiological factors, resulting in different risk factor profiles. Sinonasal cancer (malignancies of the sinus or nasal cavities) and nasopharyngeal cancer (malignancies of the nasopharynx) may share some risk factors because both are located within the upper aerodigestive tract. They may also possess different epidemiological and etiological profiles because of anatomic or pathologic differences. It is known that sinonasal cancer occurs more frequently in individuals in their 60s and in some areas in Japan, France, India and South Africa, 1 while nasopharyngeal cancer is more frequent in Southern China and some African tribes and incidence rates reach a peak during adolescence or during ages 45-55. 2,3 Studies in different regions and different populations have identified distinct risk-factor profiles for sinonasal and nasopharyngeal ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Zhu

Levine

Brann

et al. 2002

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Previous studies of cohorts included in the NIOSH study (54)(55)(56) (31). Green (58) Environmental Health Perspectives * Vol 106, Supplement 2 * April 1998 DIOXIN EXPOSURE AND NONNEOPLASTIC MORTALUTY reported an SMR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.61-1.34) for all diseases of the circulatory system in a Canadian cohort of public utility forestry workers who applied herbicides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to dioxin and nonneoplastic mortality in the expanded IARC international cohort study of phenoxy herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers.

Vena

Boffetta

Becher

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

111

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The authors studied noncancer mortality among phenoxyacid herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers included in an international study comprising 36 cohorts from 12 countries followed from 1939 to 1992. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or higher chlorinated dioxins (TCDD/HCD) was discerned from job records and company questionnaires with validation by biologic and environmental measures. Standard mortality ratio analyses suggested a moderate healthy worker effect for all circulatory diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, among both those exposed and those not exposed to TCDD/HCD. In Poisson regression analyses, exposure to TCDD/HCD was not associated with increased mortality from cerebrovascular disease. However, an increased risk for circulatory disease, especially ischemic heart disease (rate ratio [RRI 1.67, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.23-2.26) and possibly diabetes (RR 2.25, 95% Cl 0.53-9.50), was present among TCDD/HCD-exposed workers. Risks tended to be higher 10 to 19 years after first exposure and for those exposed for a duration of 10 to 19 years. Mortality from suicide was comparable to that for the general population for all workers exposed to herbicides or chlorophenols and was associated with short latency and duration of exposure. More refined investigations of the ischemic heart disease and TCDD/HCD exposure association are warranted. -Environ Health Perspect 106(Suppl 2):645-653 (1998). http.//ehpnetl.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/Suppl-2/645-653vena/abstract.html

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“…In contrast, subgroups based on cumulative TCDD and WOCDD exposure were defined as in previous studies [Ott et al, 1987;Bond et al, 1989b], using the unit log-cumulative exposure values as cutpoints. This categorization method was accepted without further detailed examination because potential PCDD exposure was not the primary focus of this study.…”

Section: Mortality Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in a cohort of pentachlorophenol manufacturing workers, 1940-1989

et al. 1996

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Mortality in a cohort of 770 workers with potential pentachlorophenol (PCP) exposure was evaluated from 1940 through 1989. The study cohort is a subset of a larger cohort of workers with potential exposure to higher chlorinated dioxins. Total mortality and cancer mortality, in the PCP cohort were slightly lower than expected in comparison to the U.S. white male population. There were 229 total deaths with 242.5 expected (SMR = 94, 95% confidence interval 83–108), and 50 cancer deaths with 52.6 expected (SMR = 95, 95% confidence interval 71–125). In comparison with unexposed employees, the risk ratio for total mortality was 1.03 (95% confidence internal 0.90–1.17), and the risk ratio for all cancer mortality was 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.71–1.26). In most cause of death categories of a priori interest no deaths were observed in the cohort. A small excess of other and unspecified lymphopoietic cancer deaths was observed but did not appear to be related to exposure. Excesses of deaths due to cancer of the kidney, gastric and duodenal ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver, and all accidents were observed in comparison with the U.S. white male population and with unexposed employees. These were associated with increasing estimated cumulative PCP exposure after lagging exposures by 5 and 15 years. Despite the limited size and the generally favorable total mortality experience of the cohort, it was concluded that cohort members may have incurred increased risk of death due to some specific causes. The risks could not, however, be attributed conclusively to PCP exposure and may have been associated with other occupational and nonoccupational factors. Additional mortality surveillance of this cohort will be performed. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Incidence of Chloracne among Chemical Workers Potentially Exposed to Chlorinated Dioxins

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Case‐control study evaluating the homogeneity and heterogeneity of risk factors between sinonasal and nasopharyngeal cancers

Exposure to dioxin and nonneoplastic mortality in the expanded IARC international cohort study of phenoxy herbicide and chlorophenol production workers and sprayers.

Mortality in a cohort of pentachlorophenol manufacturing workers, 1940-1989

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