Incidence of Co-Infections of HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Syphilis in a Large Cohort of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Beijing, China

Li, Dongliang; Yang, Xueying; Zhang, Zheng; Wang, Zixin; Xiao, Qin; Ruan, Yuhua; Yun-hua, Zhou; Li, Chunrong; Luo, Fengguang; Lau, Joseph T. F.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147422

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Although surveillance of MSM is limited in low and middle income countries, high rates of HIV and syphilis co-infection have been found among MSM in Peru, Panama, India, Malawi and Uganda [5–9], indicating that HIV and syphilis co-infection is in fact a global challenge. Similar reports from China demonstrate increasing HIV and syphilis co-infection among MSM [10–12], with a 2.6% estimated prevalence of co-infection [10, 13]. All available evidence supports that the epidemic of HIV and syphilis co-infection is worsening and primarily concentrated among MSM.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Global challenges in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis coinfection among men who have sex with men

Roberts

Klausner

2016

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM), and the rate of co-infection has been increasing over the last decade. HIV and syphilis co-infection is particularly challenging because the infections interact synergistically thereby increasing the risk of acquisition and transmission as well as accelerating disease progression. Areas Covered This paper reviews and summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical management and prevention of HIV and syphilis co-infection among MSM. Expert Commentary Research does not support a different syphilis treatment for co-infected individuals; however, co-infection may warrant a recommendation for antiretroviral therapy. In order to reverse the epidemic of syphilis and HIV co-infection, there needs to be greater awareness, improved cultural sensitivity among health care providers, improved access to preventative services and increased screening for syphilis and HIV.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Global challenges in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis coinfection among men who have sex with men

Roberts

Klausner

2016

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…We also noted that 7/61 (11%) T. pallidum PCR-positive patients had HSV-2-syphilis coinfections. High rates of coinfection have been reported previously, particularly in cohorts of men who have sex with men, and occur due to shared routes of sexual transmission (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Retrospective Review of Treponema pallidum PCR and Serology Results: Are Both Tests Necessary?

et al. 2018

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There has been a resurgence of syphilis diagnoses in Australia. We investigated whether our PCR test provides any additional diagnostic information over syphilis serology (chemiluminescence immunoassay [CMIA], particle agglutination [TPPA] assay, and the rapid plasma reagin [RPR] flocculation test). A retrospective audit of all PCR requests that came through our laboratory from January 2010 to June 2017 was conducted; data collected included age, gender, site of swab, and results from PCR, syphilis serology, and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 PCRs. A total of 441 PCR tests were performed; on average, 3 PCRs per month were requested in 2011, and this rate increased to 17.2 requests per month in 2017. A total of 323 patients had both PCR and syphilis serology performed, with 67% of swabs taken from the genitals. PCR gave positive results for 61/323 (19%) patients; of these 61 patients, 59 (97%) also had positive syphilis serology results ( PCR sensitivity, 68%; specificity, 99%; positive predictive value, 97%; negative predictive value, 89%). Syphilis serology was positive for 91/323 patients (28%); of these 91 patients, 61 (66%) were also PCR positive (syphilis serology sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 88%; positive predictive value, 60%; negative predictive value, 99%). The Cohen's kappa value was 0.74, indicating substantial agreement between the two tests. Our results show that most patients with positive PCR results also had positive syphilis serology. Therefore, PCR adds little clinical value over serology for the diagnosis of syphilis in certain clinical settings.

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“…Syphilis could generate genital ulcers and increase the likelihood of HIV virus shedding [21,22]. The course of syphilis is accelerated in patients infected with HIV, and these patients frequently exhibit atypical lesions [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of Treponema pallidum infection in a rural area of southwestern China

et al. 2020

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Background: Epidemiological data on Treponema pallidum infection are scarce from the southwestern region of China. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and determinants of T. pallidum infection in the region. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study of 2608 participants aged ≥14 years was conducted in a rural area of southwestern China in 2014-15. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics and other factors associated with T. pallidum infection. The diagnoses of T. pallidum, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were determined by commercial test kits. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlates for T. pallidum infection, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was 1.2% (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7%). Risk factors varied by gender. In the male group, T. pallidum infection was significantly associated with ever injection drug use (aOR = 9.42, 95% CI 2.47 to 35.87) and HCV infection (aOR = 13.28, 95% CI 3.20 to 51.70). In the female group, correlates for T. pallidum infection included spouse having syphilis (aOR = 126.66, 95% CI 7.58 to 2122.94), ever having blood transfusion (aOR = 10.51, 95% CI 1.58 to 41.21) and HBV infection (aOR = 4.19, 95% CI 1.35 to 10.93). Conclusions: The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was high in the rural area of southwestern China. Correlates for T. pallidum infection varied with sex specific. Intervention should be developed for the prevention and control of T. pallidum infection.

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Incidence of Co-Infections of HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Syphilis in a Large Cohort of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Beijing, China

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Global challenges in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis coinfection among men who have sex with men

Global challenges in human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis coinfection among men who have sex with men

Retrospective Review of Treponema pallidum PCR and Serology Results: Are Both Tests Necessary?

Prevalence and associated factors of Treponema pallidum infection in a rural area of southwestern China

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