Incidence of congenital malformations and impact on the mortality of neonatal canines

Pereira, Keylla Helena Nobre Pacífico; Correia, Luiz Eduardo Cruz dos Santos; Oliveira, Elton Luís Ritir; Bernardo, Ramona Bastos; Jorge, Mariana Lemos Nagib; Gobato, Mariana Luiza Mezzena; Souza, Fabiana Ferreira de; Rocha, Noeme Sousa; Chiacchio, Simone Biagio; Lourenço, Maria Lúcia Gomes

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.07.027

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…On a total of 179 puppies, 1.7% showed severe anatomical defects and were euthanized. Although the actual incidence is understudied, this percentage is a bit lower than the 2.8% of cleft palate previously reported [30], and fit with the range of malformations of 1-3% reported by other studies [20,31]. Excluded those 3 malformed puppies, 160/176 (90%) of Chihuahua puppies born by elective Caesarean section were alive at 24 h after birth, considered as the most challenging timespan for the newborn dogs [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

et al. 2020

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Background In the dog, the correct management of parturition and the prompt neonatal evaluation and assistance can reduce the perinatal mortality rates that are particularly high in toy breeds. Newborn evaluation and factors addressing prognosis are pivotal to guarantee the correct neonatal assistance. Assessment of the Apgar score with viability classification and birthweight are recognized as predictors for neonatal survival in dogs, but breed-specific data are needed for a more feasible application in the dog species, in which wide differences among breeds are known. The present study aimed therefore to: (a) assess the role of Apgar score and birthweight as predictors for the survival of Chihuahua newborn puppies in the first 24 h of life; (b) to assess a cut-off of the Apgar score and birthweight values that can predict the survival of Chihuahua newborn puppies in the first 24 h after birth; (c) to assess the possible effect played by maternal parity, newborn gender and litter-size on Apgar score in Chihuahua newborn puppies, in order to provide breed-specific data for a better neonatal assistance. Results Data obtained from 176 normal developed Chihuahua puppies born by elective Caesarean section, showed that 62%, 28% and 10% of puppies were classified in the Apgar score classes 7–10, 4–6 and 0–3, respectively, with survival at 24 h after birth of 97%, 96%, 39%, in the three Apgar classes of viability, respectively. Apgar score was a better predictor for survival at 24 h after birth than birthweight (AUC 0.93, P < 0.0001; AUC 0.69, P < 0.01, respectively). Litter-size of 7 puppies/litter plays a negative effect on Apgar score. Apgar score is a better predictor of survival at 24 h than birthweight, and the best cut-off of Apgar score for survival at 24 h after birth is 4, with 96% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Conclusions The different proportion of “normal viable” and “less viable” neonates in comparison to other studies highlights that Chihuahua puppies born by elective Caesarean section should be carefully evaluated at birth to provide correct assistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

et al. 2020

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“…An important issue that can affect intrauterine life or the health status of the newborns is the presence of congenital malformations. The canine congenital malformations are structural or functional abnormalities present at birth that may interfere with the viability of newborns, thus contributing to neonatal mortality [ 89 , 104 ]. They can be caused by genetic factors, inherited and/or breed-related, or exposure during pregnancy to teratogenic agents (toxins, chemicals, irradiation, or excessive supply of vitamins A and D) [ 104 ].…”

Section: Newborn’s Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dead or Alive? A Review of Perinatal Factors That Determine Canine Neonatal Viability

Uchańska¹,

Ochota²,

Eberhardt³

et al. 2022

Animals

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The perinatal period has a critical impact on viability of the newborns. The variety of factors that can potentially affect the health of a litter during pregnancy, birth, and the first weeks of life requires proper attention from both the breeder and the veterinarian. The health status of puppies can be influenced by various maternal factors, including breed characteristics, anatomy, quality of nutrition, delivery assistance, neonatal care, and environmental or infectious agents encountered during pregnancy. Regular examinations and pregnancy monitoring are key tools for early detection of signals that can indicate disorders even before clinical signs occur. Early detection significantly increases the chances of puppies’ survival and proper development. The purpose of the review was to summarize and discuss the complex interactions between all elements that, throughout pregnancy and the first days of life, have a tangible impact on the subsequent fate of the offspring. Many of these components continue to pose challenges in veterinary neonatology; thus, publications presenting the current state of knowledge in this field are in demand.

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“…The breed of the puppy is important to consider in the postmortem examination, due to racial predisposition to certain birth defects: approximately 85% of all malformations are seen in purebred puppies (Nobre Pacifico Pereira et al, 2019). According to Nobre Pacifico Pereira et al (2019), and the English Bulldog breed is most predisposed to congenital malformations, with a four times higher overall risk of cleft palate, water puppy syndrome, or atresia ani, compared to other breeds. An exhaustive list of different possible congenital diseases per breed is available in Thomas et al (2018); however, the prevalence for most of these diseases remains unknown.…”

Section: Breedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for postmortem examination of newborn dogs

Mila

Guerard

Raymond‐Letron

2021

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

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Neonatal mortality in puppies is a problem frequently encountered by dog breeders. Often, only postmortem examination allows diagnosis and implementation of measures to save the rest of the litter. This article presents the key steps of the postmortem examination, namely, autopsy, histopathology, bacteriology, molecular identification of pathogens, and coproscopy. Sampling, samples' conservation, and interpretation of the obtained results are presented as well as their relative importance for the final diagnosis. Finally, examples of the most frequent syndromes observed under postmortem examination in canine newborns, together with the results from a complementary analysis looking for infectious agents responsible for death, are discussed.

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Incidence of congenital malformations and impact on the mortality of neonatal canines

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

Dead or Alive? A Review of Perinatal Factors That Determine Canine Neonatal Viability

Guidelines for postmortem examination of newborn dogs

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