Incidence of COVID-19 and Connections with Air Pollution Exposure: Evidence from the Netherlands

Andrée, Bo Pieter Johannes

doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.20081562

Cited by 68 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition to the Wu et al (2020) study, another American ecological study based on approximately 3000 counties found that nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) was significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality and case-fatality rates, while PM 2.5 exhibited a marginally significant association with mortality ( Liang et al, 2020 ). A significant positive association of PM 2.5 with COVID-19 incidence and hospital admissions was also reported in the Netherlands ( Andree, 2020 ). Ogen (2020) reported co-location of high NO 2 concentrations estimated from remote sensing and high COVID-19 mortality counts in northern Italy and Madrid.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Notably SARS-CoV-1 patients from more polluted regions were twice as likely to die as those in less polluted places ( Cui et al, 2003 ). There is also evidence that air pollution exposure more generally adversely affects respiratory immune defences ( Domingo and Rovira, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2020 ), and emerging evidence suggesting that novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) incidence and mortality may be increased in relation to both acute ( Zhu et al, 2020 ) and chronic exposure ( Andree, 2020 ; Liang et al, 2020 ; Ogen, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). This evidence implies that deterioration in air quality over short time periods (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions

Stieb

Evans

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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Background Ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health effects, including increased risk of respiratory infection. However, evidence specifically related to novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. Methods COVID-19 case counts for 111 Canadian health regions were obtained from the COVID-19 Canada Open Data portal. Annual PM 2.5 data for 2000–2016 were estimated from a national exposure surface based on remote sensing, chemical transport modelling and ground observations, and minimum and maximum temperature data for 2000–2015 were based on a national interpolated surface derived from thin-plate smoothing splines. Population counts and sociodemographic data by health region were obtained from the 2016 census, and health data (self-rated health and prevalence of smoking, obesity, and selected chronic diseases) by health region, were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Data on total number of COVID-19 tests and changes in mobility comparing post-vs. pre-introduction of social distancing measures were available by province. Data were analyzed using negative binomial regression models. Results After controlling for province, temperature, demographic and health characteristics and days since peak incidence by health region, long-term PM 2.5 exposure exhibited a positive association with COVID-19 incidence (incidence rate ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.97–1.18 per μg/m 3 ). This association was larger in magnitude and statistically significant in analyses excluding provinces that reported cases only for aggregated health regions, excluding health regions with less than median population density, and restricted to the most highly affected provinces (Quebec and Ontario). Conclusions We observed a positive association between COVID-19 incidence and long-term PM 2.5 exposure in Canadian health regions. The association was larger in magnitude and statistically significant in more highly affected health regions and those with potentially less exposure measurement error. While our results generate hypotheses for further testing, they should be interpreted with caution and require further examination using study designs less prone to bias.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions

Stieb

Evans

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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“…In another posted study by the World Bank Group, Andrée conducted an ecological analysis of incident COVID-19 cases against annual average concentrations of

across 355 municipalities in the Netherlands ( Andrée 2020 ). The analyses comprised 4,004 confirmed cases of COVID-19 until 22 March 2020 for which residential addresses were available.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 2020 ) (China, posted 10 April 2020). The fourth nonpeer reviewed study ( Andrée 2020 ) was a policy working paper published by the World Bank (data from the Netherlands, posted in April 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Considerations for Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and the SARS and COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreaks

Villeneuve

Goldberg

2020

Environ Health Perspect

144

139

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BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that ambient air pollution is associated with an increased risk of developing or dying from coronavirus-2 (COVID-19). Methodological approaches to investigate the health impacts of air pollution on epidemics should differ from those used for chronic diseases, but the methods used in these studies have not been appraised critically. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to identify and critique the methodological approaches of studies of air pollution on infections and mortality due to COVID-19 and to identify and critique the methodological approaches of similar studies concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHODS: Published and unpublished papers of associations between air pollution and developing or dying from COVID-19 or SARS that were reported as of 10 May 2020 were identified through electronic databases, internet searches, and other sources. RESULTS: All six COVID-19 studies and two of three SARS studies reported positive associations. Two were time series studies that estimated associations between daily changes in air pollution, one was a cohort that assessed associations between air pollution and the secondary spread of SARS, and six were ecological studies that used area-wide exposures and outcomes. Common shortcomings included possible cross-level bias in ecological studies, underreporting of health outcomes, using grouped data, the lack of highly spatially resolved air pollution measures, inadequate control for confounding and evaluation of effect modification, not accounting for regional variations in the timing of outbreaks' temporal changes in at-risk populations, and not accounting for nonindependence of outcomes. DISCUSSION: Studies of air pollution and novel coronaviruses have relied mainly on ecological measures of exposures and outcomes and are susceptible to important sources of bias. Although longitudinal studies with individual-level data may be imperfect, they are needed to adequately address this topic. The complexities involved in these types of studies underscore the need for careful design and for peer review.

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“…Furthermore, all these event or incidence dramatically changed the over economic systems, way of governing nations and even changed our literature as well. Even all these incidences changed the lifestyle of the entire world, similarly, the ongoing pandemic crises of covid-19 will have a permanent and everlasting impact on our lives [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: A Learning Opportunity to Improve Environmental Sustainability

Khan¹,

Janjua²

2021

Carbon Capture

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In just a few months, COVID-19 transformed from a dangerous regional health threat into a widespread global pandemic and economic disaster. Thus the world is expecting a great recession once again. The rapid spread of COVID-19 has had far-reaching consequences for people's daily lives in almost all parts of the world. Climate change and biodiversity depletion have now reached global boundaries; thus, human activity has surpassed Earth's capacities. Earth capacities can be explained in terms of extreme climate change. This chapter is intended to investigate the link between the outbreak of Covid-19 and its effect on environmental and society. The discussion reveals that environmental pollution is minimized as a result of global lockdown. Furthermore, our review also shows that in terms of environment, Covid-19 provide an opportunity to transform our polluted economy toward the green economy through adoption of renewable energy sources and green practices in our businesses.

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Incidence of COVID-19 and Connections with Air Pollution Exposure: Evidence from the Netherlands

Cited by 68 publications

References 32 publications

An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions

An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions

Methodological Considerations for Epidemiological Studies of Air Pollution and the SARS and COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreaks

COVID-19: A Learning Opportunity to Improve Environmental Sustainability

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