Incidence of Depression Among Community Dwelling Healthy Elderly and the Predisposing Socio-environmental Factors

Fatima, Maham; Sehar, Alina; Ali, Muhammad; Iqbal, Asra; Shaukat, Faizan

doi:10.7759/cureus.4292

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our study, older adults who were married had lower rates of depressive symptoms. Previous research on older adults has revealed that marital status was a strong predictor of depressive symptoms, with unmarried older adults being more likely to be depressed (6,37). Single or split older adults had higher levels of depressive symptoms (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: Evidence from the CHARLS

Yan

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDepressive symptoms are a serious public health problem that affects the mental health of older adults. However, current knowledge of the association between ADL disability and physical dysfunction and depressive symptoms in Chinese adults is insufficient. We intend to analyze the association between physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults.MethodsThe data obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (2015 and 2018) (CHARLS). This includes 3,431 in 2015 and 3,258 in 2018 over the age of 60. Comparing 2015 and 2018 data, multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in urban and rural older adults, adjusting for sociodemographic factors associated with depression in older adults.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults in China was 33.8 percent in 2015 and 50.6 percent in 2018. In baseline data from 2015 and 2018, residence, gender, marital status, drinking, physical function, ADL, and self-rated health were all found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. The differences in physical function, ADL and depressive symptoms among older adults in 2015 and 2018 were further analyzed based on urban and rural stratification. Both physical dysfunction and ADL disability were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in rural older adults in 2015 and 2018. And in urban areas, ADL was found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms in urban older adults. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ADL disability was significantly associated with depressive symptoms among older adults in both urban and rural areas. Physical dysfunction was only significant in rural areas with depressive symptoms. The alpha level was instead set to 0.05 for all statistical tests.ConclusionRural, female, 60–70 years of age, primary school or below, married, non-smoking, non-drinking, physical dysfunction, ADL disability and self-rated poor health make-up a higher proportion of depressed older adults. ADL disability and physical dysfunction were more likely to be associated with depressive symptoms in rural Chinese older adults. Therefore, the physical and mental health of rural elderly should be of concern. The rural older adults should receive additional support from the government and society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Previous research on older adults has revealed that marital status was a strong predictor of depressive symptoms, with unmarried older adults being more likely to be depressed (6,37). Single or split older adults had higher levels of depressive symptoms (37). Older adults could be psychologically affected by these events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: Evidence from the CHARLS

Yan

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…In terms of marital status, our results suggested that older people who were not living with their spouses (separated/divorced/widowed/single) had relatively high odds of depressive symptoms. Similarly, many studies have reported that marital status is a key variable that affects depressive symptoms among the elderly population (Javed, 2014;Xie et al, 2010;Fatima et al, 2019). Kim and McKenry (2002) found that separation, divorce, and death of a spouse have significant effects on exacerbating depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with depressive symptoms among the elderly in China: structural equation model

Xie

et al. 2020

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Objectives: To establish a structural equation model for exploring the direct and indirect relationships of depressive symptoms and their associated factors among the Chinese elderly population. Design: A cross-sectional research. The 2015 data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were adopted. Setting: CHARLS is an ongoing longitudinal study assessing the social, economic, and health status of nationally representative samples of middle-aged and elderly Chinese residents. Participants: A total of 5791 participants aged 60 years and above were included. Measurements: Depressive symptoms were used as the study outcome. Sociodemographic characteristics, poor health status, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration were used as predictors. Confirmatory factor analysis was first conducted to test the latent variables. Structural equation model was then utilized to examine the associations among latent variables and depressive symptoms. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.82 ± 6.86 years, with 55.53% being males. The total prevalence of depressive symptoms was 37.52%. The model paths indicated that sociodemographic characteristics, poor health status, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration were directly associated with depressive symptoms, and the effects were 0.281, 0.509, −0.067, and −0.162, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration were indirectly associated with depressive symptoms, mediating by poor health status. Their effects on poor health status were −0.093, 0.180, and −0.279, respectively. All paths of the model were significant (P < 0.001). The model could explain 40.9% of the variance in the depressive symptoms of the Chinese elderly population. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics, poor health status, unhealthy habits, and sleep duration among Chinese elderly population. The dominant predictor of depressive symptoms was poor health status. Targeting these results might be helpful in rationally allocating health resources during screening or other mental health promotion activities for the elderly.

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“…The scale consists of 15 questions and is calculated by adding the scores of yes answers (1 point) with binary options of "yes" and "no." The score is based on 15 points in total; if the total score is ≥5, the individual is considered at risk of depression [8,21]. The tool's reliability had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Risk, Depression, and Physical Function in Older People Living Alone

Park,

Kang

2024

Healthcare

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This study investigated depression and physical function as factors associated with nutritional risk in older adults living alone. The study included 2896 people 65 years or older who lived alone. Data were collected in South Korea between September and November 2020. Descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test, independent samples t-test, weighted multiple regression analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS for Windows ver. 23.0. In this study, 44.8% of participants were in the nutritional risk group. Furthermore, 60.9% of those at risk for depression, 75.1% of those with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) dependency, and 59.1% of those with chewing limitations were at nutritional risk. The factors that increased nutritional risk in the weighted multiple regression analysis were depression (β = 0.27, p < 0.001), chewing limitations (β = 0.12, p < 0.001), IADL dependency (β = 0.09, p < 0.001), and basic physical movement (β = 0.04, p = 0.020). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that those with IADL dependency had a 2.59 times higher nutritional risk than those with IADL non-dependency (p < 0.001). The nutritional risk group had a higher risk of depression (2.01 times higher [p < 0.001]), chewing limitations (1.76 times higher [p < 0.001]), and basic physical movement limitations (1.35 times higher [p = 0.009]) than the good nutritional group. Therefore, nutritional screening is required of older individuals living alone. To mitigate nutritional risks, it is necessary to assess depression and physical function, including IADL dependency.

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Incidence of Depression Among Community Dwelling Healthy Elderly and the Predisposing Socio-environmental Factors

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: Evidence from the CHARLS

Physical function, ADL, and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: Evidence from the CHARLS

Factors associated with depressive symptoms among the elderly in China: structural equation model

Nutritional Risk, Depression, and Physical Function in Older People Living Alone

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