Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: Systematic review

Abstract

T1D is an autoimmune illness characterized by the death of pancreatic beta cells by the immune system, which results in a reduction in, or full stoppage of, insulin synthesis and secretion, necessitating the need for exogenous insulin for life. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication that can arise before T1DM is diagnosed. DKA has been linked to several negative consequences. Cerebral edema is still the most prevalent cause of death in children with DKA. DKA is prevalent when a juvenile is diagnosed with diabetes, with children being the most vulnerable, presumably because diabetes symptoms are more likely to go unnoticed in younger children. In this study, we aim to: report on previous literature on the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus that was carried out in Saudi Arabia. PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were used for article selection. All relevant articles to our review with the topics regarding ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus and other articles have been used. We excluded other articles which are not related to this field. The data will be extracted according to a specific form in which it is going to be reviewed by the group members. In conclusion, studies reported variably different prevalences of DKA in Saudi Arabia. Compared to previous literature, DKA is assembling a common catastrophic complication among diabetic Saudi patients. Public awareness campaigns are needed to keep the public informed of the possible dangers of this case.