Incidence of endophytes in seeds from collections of <i>Lolium</i> and <i>Festuca</i> species

Latch, G. C. M.; Potter, Lesley; Tyler, B. F.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1987.tb01433.x

Cited by 117 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Extensive collecting of balansian fungi in other continents, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas, has not been conducted. Knowledge on the distribution of Epichloe and its Acremonium anamorphs is drawn from host lists ofchoke disease [e.g., Farr et al, 1989;Sampson and Western, 19541, from herbarium specimens [Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer, 1974;Cole, 1985, 1986b;White, 19871, from seed samples of mostly economically important forage grasses [Latch et al, 1987;Saha et al, 19871, and from few surveys conducted in restricted areas [Miihle and Frauenstein, 1970;Pshedetskaya, 1984;Clay and Leuchtmann, 1989;White and Baldwin, 19921. Additional hosts of E. typhinu which are not compiled in any of the previously published lists include Ammophiku breviligulutu Fernald (American beachgrass cultivar Cape) [Halisky and White,I99 I] and species of the four pooid genera Brizu, Oryzopsis, Sesleria.…”

Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics, distribution, and host specificity of grass endophytes

1993

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Clavicipitaceous endophytes (Ascomycetes) are distributed worldwide in many grasses and sedges forming a perennial and often mutualistic association with their hosts. Most endophytes appear to produce alkaloid toxins in infected plants. The high frequency of infection in many grasses and in certain grassland communities may indicate a selective advantage of infected over non-infected host plants due to their toxic effects on grazing animals and insects. Field observations and artificial inoculations of seedlings have demonstrated a high degree of specificity of most endophytes to their host plant, particularly in asexual, seed-borne endophytes. Specific isozyme genotypes found on several host species suggest that host-specific physiological races may occur. Knowledge of host range and host specificity is vital for potential applications of endophytes in pest control.

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Section: Host Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics, distribution, and host specificity of grass endophytes

1993

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“…Mutualistic association of the fungus with the host plant indisputably provides the bestestablished explanation in ecological literature for high endophyte frequencies in grass populations. However, considering how widespread seed-borne endophytes are in native grass species and, on the other hand, how variable endophyte frequencies can be among grass populations (White & Cole 1985;Lewis & Clements 1986;White & Cole 1986;Latch et al 1987;Clay & Leuchtmann 1989;Lewis et al 1997;Oliveira et al 1997;Schulthess & Faeth 1998;Saikkonen et al 2000), it would be premature or even naive to assume all grass endophytes to be either non-mutualistic 'hitchhikers' or ubiquitous mutualists.…”

Section: Avenues Of Fungal Endophyte Persistence In Natural Grass Popmentioning

confidence: 99%

The persistence of vertically transmitted fungi in grass metapopulations

Saikkonen

Ion

Gyllenberg

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

136

120

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Theory predicts that (i) vertical transmission of parasites (i.e. when they are passed directly from a host to its offspring) selects for benign association with the host and that (ii) vertically transmitted parasites that lower their hosts' fitness cannot persist if they are not able to infect horizontally (i.e. contagiously) other host individuals in the population. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to examine whether mutualism is a prerequisite for persistence of exclusively vertically transmitted (from maternal plant to offspring via seeds) fungal endophytes in structured grass metapopulations. Interestingly, endophyte survival does not require plant mutualism, even in a metapopulation consisting of qualitatively identical patches, if vertical transmission of the fungus is perfect, i.e. if all established seedlings in offspring of the endophyte-infected plant are infected. In more realistic situations, when the metapopulation consists of qualitatively different patches, endophyte-infected plants may persist at the metapopulation level even if the vertical transmission is imperfect (due to hyphae inviability or failure to grow into all seeds) and the endophyte decreases the host grass fitness in certain environments. These results have biological importance because they (i) question the requirement of a mutualistic nature in exclusively vertically transmitted symbionts and (ii) emphasize the importance of habitat diversity in relation to symbiont success in vertical transmission.

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“…The endophyte content in the 16 accessions was determined in 50 seeds per accession after cleaning the seeds collected, using the procedure described by Latch et al (1987). The percentage of seeds with presence of endophyte was recorded as percentage infection of the accession.…”

Section: Plant Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%