Incidence of Enterobius vermicularis in acute appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hashemi, Seyed Ahmad; Teshnizi, Saeed Hosseyni; Vafaei, Farhad; Ganji, Ali; Sadeghi, Mohammad Montazami; Mizani, Azadeh; Shokri, Azar

doi:10.4103/2221-6189.288592

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1,4 The literature recognises aetiologies such as tumours and faecoliths as cause for appendicitis. 3,4 However, obstruction causing appendicitis secondary to helminth infections remains controversial. 1,5 Enterobius vermicularis infection occurs following either inhalation or ingestion of the helminth oocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,4,8 This predominately occurs in the terminal ileum, caecum, and appendix. 3 Once matured the adult female worms migrate to the perianal region to undertake oviposition laying and affixing of oocytes to the perianal folds. 4 Oviposition commences between two to six weeks of host oocyte ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Oocytes are typically transferred to hosts via clothing, bedding, or fingers secondary to perianal itching. 1,3,4 Additionally, larvae may migrate from the perianal region into the colon resulting in retroinfection. 3 In addition to perianal itch, symptoms such as vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal discomfort can occur in the setting of an significant Enterobius vermicularis infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 An increase of approximately 20% in the prevalence and incidence of acute appendicitis from 1990 to 2019 has been observed. 2,3 Obstruction of the appendiceal orifice is well established as a potential cause of appendicitis. However, it remains debated as to if appendiceal orifice obstruction secondary to Enterobius vermicularis infection is considered a risk factor for appendicitis or appendiceal colic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is one of the most prevalent helminth infections globally affecting more than 200 million individuals, with a prevalence cited as up to 38% in specific endemic populations. [3][4][5] Enterobius vermicularis retains an increased prevalence within lower socioeconomic and human development index (HDI) regions. 1,4 Whilst Australia has an overall high HDI it has significant variability in health literacy and socioeconimics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Enterobius vermicularis infection at time of appendicectomy: is it a neglected risk factor?

Matthews,

Auld

2024

Int Surg J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obstruction of the appendiceal orifice is well established as a potential cause of appendicitis. However, it remains debated as to if appendiceal orifice obstruction secondary to Enterobius vermicularis is considered a risk factor for appendicitis or appendiceal colic. Enterobius vermicularis maintains an increased prevalence within lower socioeconomic and human development index regions. Whilst Australia has an overall high human development index it has significant variability in health literacy and socioeconomics. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the relationship between Enterobius vermicularis and appendicitis, to review the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis appendicectomies in lower human development index and socioeconomic status communities, and to review the Australian based Enterobius vermicularis literature available. A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to review the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis at time of appendicectomy. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were investigated for applicable studies published until December 2023. Enterobius vermicularis within the appendiceal lumen may cause irritation and lymphoid hyperplasia resulting in appendiceal colic with a similar clinical presentation to that of acute appendicitis. An increased association between Enterobius vermicularis, low human development index, and socioeconomic status is suggested. Public health interventions reduce Enterobius prevalence. A single Australian based study from 1994 was identified. Enterobius vermicularis infection is a neglected risk factor for appendiceal colic. A high index of suspicion for Enterobius vermicularis infection should be taken for clinically stable patients with normal inflammatory biochemistry and low human development index. Further research is required to assess if there is a disparity in Enterobius vermicularis in relation to human development index, socioeconomic status, and remoteness within Australian communities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Enterobius vermicularis infection at time of appendicectomy: is it a neglected risk factor?

Matthews,

Auld

2024

Int Surg J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Management and Incidence of Enterobius vermicularis Infestation in Appendectomy Specimens: A Cross-Sectional Study of 6359 Appendectomies

Pogorelić,

Babić,

Bašković

et al. 2024

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The role of Enterobius vermicularis infestation in the context of appendicitis is largely overlooked, but Enterobius vermicularis is considered an unexpected and significant appendicectomy finding. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of Enterobius vermicularis findings in appendectomies and to evaluate the clinical and histopathologic features of patients with Enterobius vermicularis-associated acute appendicitis and those with appendiceal Enterobius vermicularis infestation. Methods: The medical records of all children who underwent an appendectomy in two large pediatric centers in Croatia between 1 January 2009 and 1 January 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 6359 appendectomies, 61 (0.96%) children were diagnosed with Enterobius vermicularis on histopathology and included in further analysis. The groups were compared with regard to demographic characteristics, laboratory values, clinical features and histopathological findings. Results: The incidence of enterobiasis fluctuated slightly in the individual study years, but was constant overall. The median age of all patients was 11 years (IQR 8.5, 13), with females predominating (60.7%). Acute appendicitis was observed in 34% of the appendiceal species. The patients with Enterobius vermicularis infestation, without appendicitis, were younger (9 years (IQR 8, 13) vs. 12 years (IQR 10, 15); p = 0.020), had longer duration of symptoms (36 h (IQR, 12, 48) vs. 24 h (IQR, 12, 36); p = 0.034), lower body temperature (37 °C (IQR 36.8, 37.4) vs. 37.6 °C (IQR, 37, 38.6) p = 0.012), lower Appendicitis Inflammation Response (AIR) score (3 (IQR 2, 5) vs. 7 (IQR 5, 9.5) p < 0.001), lower incidence of rebound tenderness (57.1% vs. 20%; p = 0.003) and less frequent vomiting (12.5% vs. 47.6%; p = 0.004) compared to the patients with Enterobius vermicularis-associated acute appendicitis. Acute inflammatory markers in the laboratory showed significantly higher values in the group of patients with acute appendicitis: C-reactive protein (p = 0.009), White blood cells (p = 0.001) and neutrophils (p < 0.001). Eosinophilia was not found in any of the groups, although eosinophil counts were significantly higher in children who had Enterobius vermicularis infestation than in those with Enterobius vermicularis-related appendicitis (2.5% (IQR 0.9, 4.3) vs. 1.8% (IQR 0.7, 2.1); p = 0.040). Conclusions: Pediatric surgeons should consider Enterobius vermicularis infestation as a differential diagnosis when removing a vermiform appendix. Younger age, longer duration of symptoms, lower body temperature, lower AIR score, lower diameter of the appendix and normal laboratory inflammatory markers could predict Enterobius vermicularis infection in children presenting with right iliac fossa pain and avoid unnecessary appendectomy.

show abstract

Incidence of Enterobius vermicularis in acute appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Enterobius vermicularis infection at time of appendicectomy: is it a neglected risk factor?

Enterobius vermicularis infection at time of appendicectomy: is it a neglected risk factor?

Management and Incidence of Enterobius vermicularis Infestation in Appendectomy Specimens: A Cross-Sectional Study of 6359 Appendectomies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About