2020
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040144
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Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Dogs Undergoing Orthopaedic Surgery or Endoscopic Evaluation of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common event during general anaesthesia but is often underdiagnosed in veterinary medicine. The oesophageal pH in anaesthetised dogs undergoing endoscopic evaluation of the upper gastrointestinal tract (END group; n = 12) or orthopaedic surgery (ORT group; n = 12) was measured using an oesophageal probe. The dogs were sedated with acepromazine or with methadone or butorphanol, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Of the 24 dogs in this stu… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…On the other hand, orthopedic surgeries revealed a 36.6% of GOR (30/82 dogs), with a non- significant difference compared with the other surgical procedures. In veterinary literature, orthopedic surgeries are correlated with a higher risk of regurgitation and reflux [ 18 , 38 , 47 ], nevertheless our findings did not support this correlation. This may be explained by the low doses of opioids used in premedication or by the careful manipulation and minimum changes in recumbency during the procedures.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 88%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…On the other hand, orthopedic surgeries revealed a 36.6% of GOR (30/82 dogs), with a non- significant difference compared with the other surgical procedures. In veterinary literature, orthopedic surgeries are correlated with a higher risk of regurgitation and reflux [ 18 , 38 , 47 ], nevertheless our findings did not support this correlation. This may be explained by the low doses of opioids used in premedication or by the careful manipulation and minimum changes in recumbency during the procedures.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 88%
“…In another study 21 out of 24 dogs that were administered either butorphanol or methadone in premedication experienced a reflux episode. Although the exact number of dogs premedicated with butorphanol and refluxed was not clearly stated, the reflux episodes were increased and no statistically significant difference between butorphanol and methadone on the incidence of reflux was detected [ 38 ]. In our study, the use of butorphanol in combination with acepromazine or dexmedetomidine increased the incidence of GOR with the AB group reaching an incidence of 66.7% of reflux and DB group 53.3%.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(12). In one study, 50% of dogs developed biliary reflux after undergoing orthopedic surgery, and 33.3% developed acidic reflux (7). In another study, 55.6% of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery had a 26-fold higher probability of passive regurgitation than those who were anesthetized for other diagnostic procedures (6).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…N/A Measurement every fourth second (frequency 0.25 Hz) Catheter secured to the mandible with adhesive tape. Dogs’ position and duration of anaesthesia recorded [ 4 ] Lambertini et al, 2020 N/A “Reflux of gastric content into the oesophagus” Decrease in oesophageal pH to a value <4.0 (acidic reflux) or as an increase to a value >7.5 (biliary reflux) for at least 30 s Oesophageal pH meter 1. Two-point calibration (buffer solutions pH 4.0 and 7.0) 2.…”
Section: Table A1mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The literature highlights several risk factors (i.e., age, body weight, and type of surgery) and reports that the incidence of regurgitation and GOR may be influenced by a number of interventions (i.e., pre-operative fasting, positioning, and drugs). Reported incidences seem to vary reasonably for regurgitation [from 0.96% [ 1 ] to 5.5% [ 2 ],] but enormously for GOR [from 5% [ 3 ] to 87.5% [ 4 ]]. Such a huge variability is rather surprising.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%