Incidence of hypertension and its risk factors: a systematic review

Abstract

Hypertension is a persistent, metabolic condition indicated by elevated blood pressure levels. Since hypertension comes with no warning signs, mostly people are not aware of it. The aim of the study was to assess the change in the prevalence of hypertension among adults of Punjab and Haryana and to investigate its risk factors. Medline, Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2009 to 2023 were searched for ‘prevalence, burden, awareness, and control of blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (≥140 SBP and or ≥90 DBP) among Indian adults’ (≥18 years). The incidence of hypertension varied from 32.4 to 88.2 percent in male subjects and 30 to 84.7 percent in female subjects. Hypertension was more prevalent among males of Punjab and Haryana. Whereas females were more hypertensive in different districts of Haryana. The considerable upward trend has been observed over the time, among males and females in both Punjab and Haryana, yet awareness and control rates are comparatively low. Various researchers have discovered that younger the age of beginning of hypertension, the higher the decline in life expectancy if raised blood pressure is not managed.