Incidence of &lt;i&gt;Chlamydia trachomatis&lt;/i&gt; infection in patients with reactive arthritis

Ostaszewska-Puchalska, Iwona; Zdrodowska-Stefanow, B; Kuryliszyn-Moskal, Anna; Bułhak-Kozioł, Violetta; Sokolowska, Marianna

doi:10.5114/reum.2015.51505

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…C. trachomatis became widely recognized as an STI in the 1970s ( 81 ) and is currently the genital infection most convincingly associated with ReA ( 21 , 82 ). The strongest evidence of such an association can be found in case–control studies that measure either serological markers of past exposure to C. trachomatis or the presence of C. trachomatis itself in the genital tract ( 22 , 36 , 37 , 83 ). The largest prospective community-based study cultured C. trachomatis in 25 of 112 ReA cases (22%) which occurred in Oslo (Norway) between 1988 and 1990 ( 36 ).…”

Section: The Usual Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest prospective community-based study cultured C. trachomatis in 25 of 112 ReA cases (22%) which occurred in Oslo (Norway) between 1988 and 1990 ( 36 ). The largest serological study analyzed 323 ReA cases referred to the Diagnostic-Research Centre of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Bialystok (Poland) between 2001 and 2012, finding C. trachomatis IgG seropositivity in 70 cases (22%) ( 83 ). Both studies considered these rates to be much higher than those of control populations.…”

Section: The Usual Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

Laurence¹,

Asquith

Rosenbaum

2018

Front. Med.

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Spondyloarthritis is a common type of arthritis which affects mostly adults. It consists of idiopathic chronic inflammation of the spine, joints, eyes, skin, gut, and prostate. Inflammation is often asymptomatic, especially in the gut and prostate. The HLA-B*27 allele group, which presents intracellular peptides to CD8+ T cells, is by far the strongest risk factor for spondyloarthritis. The precise mechanisms and antigens remain unknown. In 1959, Catterall and King advanced a novel hypothesis explaining the etiology of spondyloarthritis: an as-yet-unrecognized sexually acquired microbe would be causing all spondyloarthritis types, including acute anterior uveitis. Recent studies suggest an unrecognized sexually acquired fungal infection may be involved in prostate cancer and perhaps multiple sclerosis. This warrants reanalyzing the Catterall–King hypothesis based on the current literature. In the last decade, many links between spondyloarthritis and fungal infections have been found. Antibodies against the fungal cell wall component mannan are elevated in spondyloarthritis. Functional polymorphisms in genes regulating the innate immune response against fungi have been associated with spondyloarthritis (CARD9 and IL23R). Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, two common comorbidities of spondyloarthritis, are both strongly associated with fungi. Evidence reviewed here lends credence to the Catterall–King hypothesis and implicates a common fungal etiology in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and spondyloarthritis. However, the evidence available at this time is insufficient to definitely confirm this hypothesis. Future studies investigating the microbiome in relation to these conditions should screen specimens for fungi in addition to bacteria. Future clinical studies of spondyloarthritis should consider antifungals which are effective in psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, such as dimethyl fumarate and nystatin.

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Section: The Usual Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Usual Suspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

Laurence¹,

Asquith

Rosenbaum

2018

Front. Med.

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“…Though the existence of an as-yet-unrecognized STI may seem unlikely, this hypothesis has been proposed to explain the sexual risk factors of prostate cancer ( 134 – 136 ) (currently no strong candidate) ( 137 ) and reactive arthritis ( 138 ) (strongest candidate is Chlamydia trachomatis , found in ~13% of cases and ~2.4% of controls) ( 139 ). Prostate cancer has recently been linked to an intracellular fungal infection ( 35 , 36 ).…”

Section: Genital Exposure To Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fungi in the Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis

Benito‐León

Laurence²

2017

Front. Neurol.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Infectious triggers of MS are being actively investigated. Substantial evidence supports the involvement of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), though other viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi are also being considered. Many links between fungi and diseases involving chronic inflammation have been found recently. Evidence linking MS and fungi is reviewed here. The HLA-DRB1*15 allele group is the most important genetic risk factor of MS, and is a risk factor in several other conditions linked to fungal infections. Many biomarkers of MS are consistent with fungal infections, such as IL-17, chitotriosidase, and antibodies against fungi. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), first used as an industrial fungicide, was recently repurposed to reduce MS symptoms. Its mechanisms of action in MS have not been firmly established. The low risk of MS during childhood and its moderate association with herpes simplex virus type 2 suggest genital exposure to microbes (including fungi) should be investigated as a possible trigger. Molecular and epidemiological evidence support a role for infections such as EBV in MS. Though fungal infections have not been widely studied in MS, many lines of evidence are consistent with a fungal etiology. Future microbiome and serological studies should consider fungi as a possible risk factor for MS, and future clinical studies should consider the effect of fungicides other than DMF on MS symptoms.

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“…Prolonged immune responses to ReA-triggering microbes have been found in ReA patients [ 1 , 5 ]. Serum antibody responses, especially IgA and IgG response, are usually strong and persistent in ReA patients compared with non-arthritis patients with the same infections [ 6 ]. A higher proportion of IgA- Yersinia antibodies in arthritis patients are of the secretory IgA2 form [ 7 ], which indicates a strong and continuous antigenic stimulation in the intestinal mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA-B27 Correlates with the Intracellular Elimination, Replication, and Trafficking of Salmonella Enteritidis Collected from Reactive Arthritis Patients

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the correlation between HLA-B27 and the intracellular elimination, replication, and trafficking of Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) collected from patients with reactive arthritis.Material/MethodsConfocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed in this study to evaluate the localization of proteins of interest, to assess the intracellular trafficking of S. enteritidis, and to measure the production of cytokines of interest.ResultsHLA-B27 was negatively associated with intracellular S. enteritidis elimination in healthy human monocytes/macrophages. In S. enteritidis infected monocytes/macrophages, HLA-27B was also negatively correlated with bacteria elimination but positively related to bacteria replication. S. enteritidis did not co-localize with NRAMP1 and LAMP1/2 in HLA-B27 cells. S. enteritidis did not co-exist with transferrin or dextran within HLA-B27 and A2 cells.ConclusionsHLA-B27 is closely associated with the intracellular elimination and replication of S. enteritidis. Replicated bacteria in HLA-B27 monocytic cells were located within unique vacuoles rather than disturbing host endocytosis.

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Incidence of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> infection in patients with reactive arthritis

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

The Role of Fungi in the Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis

HLA-B27 Correlates with the Intracellular Elimination, Replication, and Trafficking of Salmonella Enteritidis Collected from Reactive Arthritis Patients

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