Incidence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Six Field Crops in Monoculture on a Newly Cleared Woodland Site

Schenck, N. C.; Kinloch, R. A.

doi:10.2307/3759518

Cited by 96 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…were found in abundance around soybean, and Glomus and Acaulospora predominated around the roots of monocotyledonous crops. (Schenck and Kinloch, 1980). The particularly high content of the small clear, or white, spores in the vicinity of white clover roots suggests that a different species of AMF was preferred by clover relative to grass, which, in contrast, encouraged sporulation of the larger black type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schenck and Kinloch (1980) reported that crop species can exert a selective effect in determining which AMF species become predominant in a mixed indigenous population, and Hayman (1982) pointed out that the distribution of AMF in cultivated soils can be greatly affected by the plant species present. Therefore, these findings provide indirect evidence that some ecological specificity of AMF and host plant associations can occur in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture

Zhu¹,

Laidlaw

Christie³

et al. 2000

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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. (2000). The specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial ryegrass -white clover pasture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 77(3), 211-218. AbstractFor nitrogen to be transferred from a legume to grass through hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as reported for a number of grass/legume combinations, the two species should be linked by a common hyphal network, which gives rise to the question of host-fungus preference. To examine the relative preference of perennial ryegrass and white clover for co-existing AMF, two experiments, adopting a 'spreader-receiver' system, were carried out in a glasshouse. Both experiments demonstrated quantitative host preference by perennial ryegrass and white clover for AMF associated with their own rhizospheres. However, the effect seemed to be temporal, as, by Week 17, in Experiment 2, AMF not associated with the roots of the spreader may have had an opportunity to infect the receiver. Differences in the population of AMF spores around the roots of the two plant species also suggest differences in preference by the two hosts. The study confirms that white clover is more highly mycotrophic than grass. It is concluded that quantitative differences in preference by perennial ryegrass and white clover for specific AMF may reduce the ecological and agricultural significance of N transferred from clover in the field compared with laboratory estimates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture

Zhu¹,

Laidlaw

Christie³

et al. 2000

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…The high of 217 spores g~^ soil on 26 October 1982 is several orders of magnitude greater than some counts in natural soils. Spore numbers range from lows of 0-2 to 8-0 g~ŝ oil in northwest Florida (Schenck & Kinlock, 1980), Iran (Kianmehr, 1981), sand dunes in Rhode Island (Koske & Halvorsen, 1981), and fields in Denmark (Jakobsen & Nielsen, 1983); to highs of 50 to 100 spores g"^ soil in northern India (Singh & Varma, 1981) and Pakistan (Khan, 1974). Phosphorus concentrations in leaves of mycorrhizal F. pennsylvanica with both low and high nutrient and in non-mycorrhizal seedlings with high nutrient decreased following the early season maxima to stable concentrations in the midto late season (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

Douds

Chaney

1986

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe effects of Glomus macrocarpum and a high rate of nutrient addition upon growth, root carbohydrate and P content, and mycorrhizal development in green ash {Fraxinus pennsylvanica) seedlings were studied over two growing seasons. Mycorrhizal and simila -ly growing non-mycorrhizal seedlings had similar seasonal patterns in growth and in root carbohydrate and P content. No clear difference in mycorrhizal development as as result of nutrient treatment occurred until the middle of the second growing season when the percent root infection of seedlings that received low nutrient increased and that of seedlings that received high nutrient decreased. A seasonal cycle with two phases in the interaction of the VA mycorrhiza and host growth, root .shoot ratios, root infection, root content of soluble sugars, starch and P, arbuscule and vesicle numbers, and spore population is proposed.

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“…An experiment on the effect of mono and mixed cropping with soybean and maize showed that mixed cropping stimulated the proliferation of AM fungi, unlike mono cropping with maize or soybean. One reason for the higher propagule density under mixed cropping may be the more intensively rooted soil in the mixed system [66,67]. Additionally through higher plant density, nutrients are extracted faster from the soil, thereby stimulating AM fungal reproduction.…”

Section: Agricultural Practices and Am Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Fungi

Bagyaraj¹

2014

Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy

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The common mycorrhizal association in most of the plants is the arbuscular type occurring in majority of agricultural crops, most shrubs, most tropical tree species and some temperate tree species. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are formed by non-septate Glomeromycetous fungi. They belong to the phylum Glomeromycota, which has three classes (Glomeromycetes, Archaeosporomycetes and Paraglomeromycetes) with 5 orders (Glomerales, Diversisporales, Gi g a s p o r a l e s , P a r a g l o me r a l e s a n d Ar c h a e o s p o r a l e s ) , 1 4 fa mi l i e s a n d 2 6 g e n e r a . C o mmo n l y o c c u r r i n g g e n e r a o f AM fu n g i are Glomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora and Entrophospora. These fungi are obligate symbionts and have not been cultured on nutrient media. These endophytes are not host specific, although evidence is growing that certain endophytes may form preferential association with certain host plants. Several investigations indicated that even in unsterile soils, plants respond to inoculation with efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhizae.The mechanism of improved plant growth caused by mycorrhizal inoculation has been investigated by many workers. Gr e a t e r s o i l e x p l o r a t i o n b y myc o r r h i z a l r o o t s a s a me a n s o f i n c r e a s i n g p h o s p h a t e u p t a k e i s we l l e s t a b l i s h e d . Th e y a l s oimprove the uptake of other diffusion-limited elements like Zn, Cu, etc. Other beneficial effects include their role in the biological control of root pathogens, biological nitrogen fixation, hormone production and greater ability to withstand wa t e r s t r e s s . C o -i n o c u l a t i o n o f AM fu n g i wi t h o t h e r b e n e fi c i a l s o i l mi c r o o rg a n i s ms i s mo r e u s e fu l i n i mp r o v i n g p l a n t growth, thus suggesting the development of suitable "microbial consortia" for inoculating different crop plants. The current day emphasis is on sustainable agriculture, which uses less of chemical inputs having adverse effect on soil health, and environment. Thus, microbial inoculants play an important role in sustainable agriculture.

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Incidence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Six Field Crops in Monoculture on a Newly Cleared Woodland Site

Cited by 96 publications

References 19 publications

The specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture

The specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in perennial ryegrass–white clover pasture

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

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