Incidence of obesity, adiposity and physical activity pattern as risk factor in adults of Delhi, India

Abstract

This study investigates the patterns of physical activity, associations between physical activity and the prevalence of obesity (defined by BMI), adiposity markers and physiological markers. Methods: The sample included 418 adults of both gender in the age group of 20-55 years. Design: Cross-sectional study and sample included adult volunteers of both gender. Participants underwent anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurement and assessment of physical activity. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Result: Total physical activity measured in mean MET minutes/week was 400.3 for males and 265.3 for females. Males (34.2%) had slightly greater level of moderate physical activity as compared to females (30.3%). Over all, the ORs of lower physical activity were higher in females of all the anthropometric indices. Odds of physical activity in overweight participant among males were 1.21 while in females it was 1.696. The odds of lower physical activity showed association with CI (males, OR-1.118; females, OR-2.781, WC (males, OR-1.026; females, OR-1.194), BMI (males, OR-1.211; females, OR-1696) and blood pressure (SBP-males, OR-1.105; females, OR-1.237; DBP-males; OR-1.174, females; OR-1.355). No significant association was found between physical activity and AVI. Conclusion: Majority of adults were physically inactive. BMI, WC and CI were all significant predictors of physical inactivity. Physical inactivity was associated with obesity and blood pressure.

Prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the adult Angami Naga of Nagaland, Northeast India

“…Moreover, no sex influence was observed in the BMI of Angami, suggesting that might not play any role in the sex differences in the prevalence of hypertension in this population. In line with the above-mentioned reasoning, previous studies have also suggested that physical inactivity is positively associated with obesity and blood pressure in adults of Delhi, India (Devi et al 2020) and also in the population of rural South India (Little et al 2016). Moreover, high prevalence of hypertension among the hill tribe of the Mizoram (Borah et al 2020) and the Hmars of Manipur of North-East India (Lalnuneng and Khongsdier 2017) was observed among individuals with low level of physical activity.…”

“…Changes in socio-economic status and lifestyle have led to a co-existence of obesity and undernourishment in some Asian countries (Chu and Singh 2021). Studies in different Indian populations showed that the socioeconomic conditions does influence BMI and blood pressure of individuals (Borah et al 2020;Devi et al 2020;Lalnuneng and Khongsdier 2017;Limbu and Khual 2020;Little et al 2016;Rengma et al 2015;Shridhar et al 2018;Singh et al 2017). The importance of certain behavioral factors, such as of increased physical activity levels, to reduce the risk of hypertension has been well documented (Börjesson et al 2016;Liu et al 2017).…”

Co-Benefit Assessment of Active Transportation in Delhi, Estimating the Willingness to Use Nonmotorized Mode and Near-Roadway-Avoided PM2.5 Exposure

“…Cardiovascular diseases (17.9 million), cancers (9.3 million), respiratory diseases (4.1 million), and diabetes (1.2 million) are major NCD-related mortalities each year [ 3 ]. Studies have shown that being physically inactive raises the risk of psychological disorders, colon cancer, breast cancer, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and musculoskeletal conditions by about 15% to 20% [ 4 ].…”

“…Being overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, depression, and fracture risk can all be decreased by PA. According to studies, sedentary lifestyles correspond to higher all-cause mortality [ 4 ]. About 1.6 million deaths have explicitly been linked to insufficient physical activity [ 3 ].…”

“…In India, 20% of the population is not active, and 37% is just moderately active, failing to meet the WHO physical activity guidelines, leading to the risk of developing various NCDs in a large portion of the Indian population [ 13 ]. The prevalence of NCDs in India, including breast and colon cancer, diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension, are mainly related to physical inactivity [ 4 ]. Regular PA can help prevent and treat many NCDs [ 13 ].…”