Incidence of penile cancer worldwide: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Review Suggested citationMontes Cardona CE, García-Perdomo HA. Incidence of penile cancer worldwide: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017;41:e117. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2017.117. Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, especially in developed countries, in which the annual incidence is below 1 case per 100 000 men. This incidence represents less than 1% of malignancies in this gender; however, in certain Asian, African, and South American countries, the occurrence may represent up to 10% of cases (1). One of the countries with the highest incidence of penile cancer in the world is India, with rates up to 3.32 per 100 000 men in some regions. In contrast, rates among Jewish men born in Israel are reportedly very close to zero (2).Penile cancer typically affects older men, and its incidence rate consistently increases with age (3). The age group most commonly affected by penile cancer is between 50 and 70 years, with a mean age of 67 years in the United States of America (4), although the disease has also been observed in patients under 40 years (3). The vast majority of patients have an apparently localized disease at diagnosis, with high-risk characteristics for nodal involvement but without clinical evidence of such involvement. This suggests that the morbidity and mortality among these patients is underestimated (5).The risk factors associated with a greater likelihood of developing the disease, as well as the factors associated with higher incidence rates, are clearly known (6). Nevertheless, neither the global impact of penile cancer nor the variations according to different geographic areas or the changing trends in different time intervals are precisely known. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the incidence of penile cancer in the global population. METHODSWe conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies, following the Metaanalysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) (7) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) ABSTRACTObjective.

Substitution of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 L2 Neutralizing Epitopes Into L1 Surface Loops: The Effect on Virus-Like Particle Assembly and Immunogenicity

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Penile cancer information on the internet: a needle in a haystack

“…The total percentage of HON‐accredited websites was low across all languages and search terms. There were significant language differences in HON‐accredited websites, with English and French websites having significantly more HON‐accredited websites than Spanish and Portuguese websites, despite these languages being native to countries with significantly higher rates of penile cancer .…”

The use of preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio in predicting survival and groin node involvement of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of penis

“…Penile cancer is an uncommon malignancy with an overall incidence of 0.84 cases per 100,000. [ 1 ] It is an aggressive malignancy, especially when there is a lymph nodal spread. Other factors that have been shown to affect the outcomes are T stage, the grade of tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), N stage, etc.…”