Incidence of penile intraepithelial neoplasia and incidence and survival of penile cancer in Denmark, 1997 to 2018

Olesen, Tina Bech; Sand, Freja Lærke; Aalborg, Gitte Lerche; Munk, Christian; Kjær, Susanne K.

doi:10.1007/s10552-021-01510-5

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The observed incidence increase is in line with studies from Germany [14], Denmark [2], Norway [15], and the UK [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, an incidence increase remains after adjusting for this using age standardisation. Interestingly, Hansen et al [15] found that the increase was strongest among men diagnosed at a relatively early age and both Olesen et al [2] and Arya et al [16] found an increased incidence of penile intraepithelial neoplasia, which may be explained by greater exposure of men to sexually transmitted oncogenic high-risk HPV infection due to increased promiscuity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penile cancer care in the Netherlands: increased incidence, centralisation, and improved survival

Vreeburg,

de Vries,

van der Noort

et al. 2024

BJU International

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ObjectiveTo evaluate penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) incidence and centralisation trends in the Netherlands over the past three decades, as well as the effect of centralisation of PSCC care on survival.Patients and methodsIn the Netherlands PSCC care is largely centralised in one national centre of expertise (Netherlands Cancer Institute [NCI], Amsterdam). For this study, the Netherlands Cancer Registry, an independent nationwide cancer registry, provided per‐patient data on age, clinical and pathological tumour staging, follow‐up, and vital status. Patients with treatment at the NCI were identified and compared to patients who were treated at all other centres. The age‐standardised incidence rate was calculated with the European Standard Population. The probability of death due to PSCC was estimated using the relative survival. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of survival.ResultsA total of 3160 patients were diagnosed with PSCC between 1990 and 2020, showing a rising incidence (P < 0.001). Annual caseload increased at the NCI (1% in 1990, 65% in 2020) and decreased at other (regional) centres (99% to 35%). Despite a relatively high percentage of patients with T2–4 (64%) and N+ (33%) at the NCI, the 5‐year relative survival was higher (86%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 82–91%) compared to regional centres (76%, 95% CI 73–80%, P < 0.001). Patients with a pathological T2 tumour were treated with glans‐sparing treatment more often at the reference centre than at the regional centres (16% vs 5.0%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, histological grading, T‐stage, presence of lymph node involvement and year of diagnosis, treatment at regional centres remained a predictor for worse survival (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.39; P = 0.006).ConclusionThe incidence of PSCC in the Netherlands has been gradually increasing over the past three decades, with a noticeable trend towards centralisation of PSCC care and improved relative survival rate.

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“…The observed incidence increase is in line with studies from Germany [14], Denmark [2], Norway [15], and the UK [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile cancer care in the Netherlands: increased incidence, centralisation, and improved survival

Vreeburg,

de Vries,

van der Noort

et al. 2024

BJU International

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“…Penile cancer is also unusual in the general population, with around 30,000 cases being diagnosed worldwide in 2020 [ 65 ]. However, a recent Danish study reported an increase in the incidence of penile SCC from 0.85 to 1.13 cases per 100,000 person years from 1997 to 2017 [ 66 ]. Another epidemiological study performed in the Netherlands reported an incidence of 0.47 cases per 100,000 men [ 67 ].…”

Section: Relationship Between Hiv and Hpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Epidemiological Features and Clinical Implications of Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection

2022

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Although most HPV infections will spontaneously resolve, a considerable proportion of them will persist, increasing the risk of anogenital dysplasia, especially within certain populations, such as patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, high-risk oncogenic HPV types (HR-HPV) are the main cause of cervix and other anogenital cancers, such as cancer of the vagina, vulva, penis, or anus. HIV and HPV coinfection is common among people living with HIV (PLWH) but disproportionally affects men who have sex with men (MSM) for whom the rate of persistent HPV infection and reinfection is noteworthy. The molecular interactions between HIV and HPV, as well as the interplay between both viruses and the immune system, are increasingly being understood. The immune dysfunction induced by HIV infection impairs the rate of HPV clearance and increases its oncogenic risk. Despite the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of several HPV-related cancers is higher in PLWH, and the burden of persistent HPV-related disease has become a significant concern in an aging HIV population. Several public health strategies have been developed to reduce the transmission of HIV and HPV and mitigate the consequences of this type of coinfection. Universal HPV vaccination is the most effective preventive tool to reduce the incidence of HPV disease. In addition, screening programs for HPV-related cervical and vulvovaginal diseases in women are well-recognized strategies to prevent cervical cancer. Similarly, anal dysplasia screening programs are being implemented worldwide for the prevention of anal cancer among PLWH. Herein, the main epidemiological features and clinical implications of HIV and HPV coinfection are reviewed, focusing mainly on the relationship between HIV immune status and HPV-related diseases and the current strategies used to reduce the burden of HPV-related disease.

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“…2,3 In North America and Europe, the incidence ranges from 0.1 to 1.0, although some studies indicate an upward trend attributed to an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 4,5 Penile cancer has a favorable prognosis when detected at an early stage, but it has a high mortality rate in economically deprived regions due to the difficulty of obtaining health care. 6 In recent years, however, the proportion of patients who died in the United States (3.6%) has increased significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developed countries, penile carcinoma is a rare tumor that predominantly affects men in their sixth decade of life; however in developing countries, such as those in Africa and South America, the incidence is higher (5.7% and 13.8%, respectively) 1 and affects younger men 2,3 . In North America and Europe, the incidence ranges from 0.1 to 1.0, although some studies indicate an upward trend attributed to an increase in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection 4,5 . Penile cancer has a favorable prognosis when detected at an early stage, but it has a high mortality rate in economically deprived regions due to the difficulty of obtaining health care 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome reveals inflammatory‐related bacteria and putative functional pathways involved in human papillomavirus‐associated penile squamous cell carcinoma

de Deus,

Gonçalves,

da Silva

et al. 2023

Andrology

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BackgroundPenile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare disease that is more prevalent in developing countries, such as Brazil, and is linked to poor genital hygiene, which promotes the proliferation of microorganisms. Dysbiosis has an effect on the local immune response, increases the risk of viral infection, and can generate inflammatory processes. Current knowledge of the microbiota found in penile tissues is limited, and the bacterial diversity of the PSCC remains unknown. In this investigation, the microbiota associated with penile cancer and its potential role in tumor development and progression were identified.MethodsThe 16S rRNA gene was analyzed by next‐generation sequencing in 19 tumors and their respective non‐tumor adjacent tissues to perform taxonomic classification, analysis of core microbiome, abundance, and diversity of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) (QIIME2 v.2020.2), and in silico functional prediction (PICRUST2, p < 0.05).ResultsIn both tissues, the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and genera Alcaligenes and Fusobaterium, were the most prevalent. Tumors presented a greater relative abundance of Fusobacteriota, Campilobacteria, and Fusobacterium (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, and p = 0.039, respectively). In addition, the beta diversity analysis revealed a tendency for the formation of two distinct groups when only advanced tumors (pT2 and pT3) were considered. Further, the functional analysis identified the top 35 pathways, and 79.5% of PSCC samples contained pro‐inflammatory microorganisms.ConclusionWe describe the first microbiome of penile carcinoma, which revealed an abundant and diverse microbiota as well as inflammatory‐related taxa (the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, the genera Fusobacterium and Prevotella, and the species Finegoldia magma and Pseudomonas geniculata) and molecular pathways (chitin derivates degradation, the protocatechuic acid pathway, inositol metabolism, and the sucrose pathway), which have also been linked to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Moreover, we found specific and abundant ASVs in both tumor and non‐tumor tissues. Our data encourage further study to better understand the role of these microorganisms in penile carcinogenesis, offering an opportunity for advances in diagnosis, prognosis, and early therapy.

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Incidence of penile intraepithelial neoplasia and incidence and survival of penile cancer in Denmark, 1997 to 2018

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Penile cancer care in the Netherlands: increased incidence, centralisation, and improved survival

Penile cancer care in the Netherlands: increased incidence, centralisation, and improved survival

Update on the Epidemiological Features and Clinical Implications of Human Papillomavirus Infection (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Coinfection

Microbiome reveals inflammatory‐related bacteria and putative functional pathways involved in human papillomavirus‐associated penile squamous cell carcinoma

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