Incidence of Peri-Implantitis and Relationship with Different Conditions: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Articles on the prevalence of peri-implant diseases showed that 90% of peri-implant tissues had some form of inflammatory response and a prevalence of peri-implantitis from 28% to 51% according to various publications. Objective: To provide an overview of how risk factors can be related with peri-implantitis. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study including 555 implants placed in 132 patients was evaluated based on the presence of peri-implantitis following the criteria of Renvert et al. 2018. Results: In total, 21 patients (15.9%) suffered peri-implantitis (PPG) and 111 patients (84.1%) did not suffer peri-implantitis (NPG). The results reveal that smokers have a high incidence of peri-implantitis (72.7%) compared to non-smokers (27.3%) (p < 0.0005). Another variable with significant results (p < 0.01) was periodontitis: 50% PPG and 23.9% NPG suffered advanced periodontitis. Systemic diseases such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases do not show a statistically significant influence on the incidence of peri-implantitis. Patients who did not attend their maintenance therapy appointment had an incidence of peri-implantitis of 61.4%, compared to 27.3% in those who attend (p < 0.0001). From the results obtained, we can conclude that relevant factors affect peri-implantitis, such as tobacco habits, moderate and severe periodontitis, and attendance in maintenance therapy.

Impact of local predisposing/precipitating factors and systemic drivers on peri‐implant diseases

“…In contrast, no difference in peri‐implantitis nor implant failure was found (participants with mostly well‐controlled T2D) 97 . Among 555 implants placed in 132 patients retrospectively assessed, applying the 2017 World Workshop peri‐implantitis criteria there was no association between DM and incident peri‐implantitis 98 . A retrospective study among patients at a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center including 286 patients with 748 implants (227 of them in DM patients, of them 60 in smokers) of which 121 implants were placed in infrequent maintenance compliers, 78 in those with annual visits, and 23 in biannual visits, and found that even though those with DM did not have statistically significant greater prevalence of peri‐implantitis upon adjustment, they benefitted more from more frequent maintenance visits than in non‐DM 99 .…”

“…However, upon adjustment for the potential confounders age, hypertension, smoking, family history of heart attack, and periodontitis, no significant association remained. No association between incident peri‐implantitis and CVD nor arterial hypertension was yielded in another large retrospective cohort study 98 …”

A GP130-Targeting Small Molecule, LMT-28, Reduces LPS-Induced Bone Resorption around Implants in Diabetic Models by Inhibiting IL-6/GP130/JAK2/STAT3 Signaling

“…The most typical feature of peri-implantitis is peri-implant bone loss (PBL), which causes the most serious damage to the implants. With the application of implants becoming more and more popular, it has been estimated that the incidence of peri-implantitis will grow rapidly in the coming decade [2]. Another chronic inflammatory disease, type 2 diabetes, increases each year with the aging of the population, which is characterized by a disorder of glucose metabolism [3].…”

Oral-systemic immune axis: Crosstalk controlling health and disease

“…Unfortunately, this serious condition is often neglected until its late stages. Other chronic oral inflammatory diseases, such as caries and peri-implantitis (1), among others, have also been linked to systemic diseases and too often remain untreated. Additional effort is needed to understand the mechanisms of oral and systemic inflammatory disease interaction; these advances will not only result in improvement of oral health but will also provide therapeutic strategies for addressing treatment of a multitude of systemic diseases.…”