Incidence of Pneumococcal Disease Due to Non–Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7) Serotypes in the United States during the Era of Widespread PCV7 Vaccination, 1998–2004

Hicks, Lauri A.; Harrison, Lee H.; Flannery, Brendan; Hadler, James L.; Schaffner, William; Craig, Allen S.; Jackson, Delois; Thomas, Ann; Beall, Bernard; Lynfield, Ruth; Reingold, Arthur; Farley, Monica M.; Whitney, Cynthia G.

doi:10.1086/521626

Cited by 677 publications

(530 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During pre-vaccination years 17% of pneumonia was caused by non-vaccine serotypes in children under five, this increased to 88% by 2004. 24 For adults 65 and older the same trend was witnessed. Between 1998 and 1999 the IPD rate by non-vaccine serotypes was 44%, which increased to 78% by 2004.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriumsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…30 Additionally, strains 3, 15, 22F and 33F increased in children under the age of five, however, these strains were also seen among adults. 24 Slight increases in strain 19F, 6A, 16F, 23A, and 35 were also observed in adults. 24 , 25 , 30 The increase in strains 19A and 3 is particularly alarming since these two serotypes are commonly associated with IPD.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 92%

“…24 Slight increases in strain 19F, 6A, 16F, 23A, and 35 were also observed in adults. 24 , 25 , 30 The increase in strains 19A and 3 is particularly alarming since these two serotypes are commonly associated with IPD. The post PCV7 era also witnessed an increase in non-vaccine type IPD in the elderly, with this increase being more pronounced than the increase that was observed in children under five.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Between 1998 and 1999 the IPD rate by non-vaccine serotypes was 44%, which increased to 78% by 2004. 24 There was a notable rise in strains 19A and 7F. 18 The proportion of IPD caused by 19A increased from 0% in 1991–1994 to 18% in 2001–2003.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Large increases in non-vaccine serotypes were also observed for HIV/AIDs positive adults. 24 Further insights into serotype replacement and the consequences of pneumonia vaccines is discussed in the following sections.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status and future directions of invasive pneumococcal diseases and prophylactic approaches to control them

Wantuch

Avci

2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human bacterial pathogen responsible for millions of deaths each year and significantly more illnesses worldwide. With over 90 different serotypes, providing effective vaccine programs has been a continuing challenge. Since 1983, the world has been introduced to four different pneumococcal vaccines (PPSV23, PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13) each with their own complications and successes. Since vaccination programs began, a decrease in the overall rate of pneumococcal pneumonia and associated diseases has been observed, notably in higher risk populations. However, with a decrease in incidence of vaccine type pneumococcal serotypes, increases in non-vaccine serotypes of the bacteria have been observed along with serotype switching. Additionally, a rise in antibiotic resistant strains of S. pneumoniae is noted. Here we discuss both the positive and negative clinical manifestations of pneumonia vaccine programs and discuss the challenges in pneumococcal vaccine design.

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Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriumsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of the Bacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Current status and future directions of invasive pneumococcal diseases and prophylactic approaches to control them

Wantuch

Avci

2018

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Exposure to Children as a Risk Factor for Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease

Metlay

Lautenbach²,

Li³

et al. 2010

Arch Intern Med

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Background The introduction of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been associated with a shift in the serotypes responsible for bacteremic pneumococcal disease. We sought to examine recent trends in serotypes responsible for disease and examine current risk factors among adults. Methods 48 acute care hospitals in the 5 county region surrounding Philadelphia provided data from 10/1/02-9/30/08 on all hospitalized adult patients with community-acquired bacteremic pneumococcal disease. Isolates were serotyped and patient characteristics were compared to data from a household survey of the adult population in the region. Results Over the study period, the annual rate of disease due to vaccine serotypes declined by 29% per year, but the rate of disease due to non-vaccine serotypes increased 13% per year, yielding an overall 7% increase in the annual rate of disease among adults. Advanced age was a risk factor for infection with non-vaccine serotypes compared to vaccine serotypes. Comparing all patients to the source population, African Americans were at increased risk of infection and the presence of additional children in the home was associated with decreased risk of disease. Smoking, advanced age and diabetes mellitus remain important risk factors in adults. Conclusions New serotypes are replacing the serotypes covered in the conjugate vaccine. While some risk factors for pneumococcal disease remain unchanged, the observation that exposure to children in the home is associated with lower risk of disease, suggests that the changing epidemiology of pneumococcal disease may be altering the dominant modes of transmission in the community.

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Potential Impact of Accelerating the Primary Dose of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants

Stancil

Peters²,

Givner³

et al. 2009

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Incidence of Pneumococcal Disease Due to Non–Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV7) Serotypes in the United States during the Era of Widespread PCV7 Vaccination, 1998–2004

Abstract: The incidence of pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes is increasing. Ongoing surveillance is needed to monitor the magnitude of disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes, to ensure that future vaccines target the appropriate serotypes.

Cited by 677 publications

References 26 publications

Current status and future directions of invasive pneumococcal diseases and prophylactic approaches to control them

Current status and future directions of invasive pneumococcal diseases and prophylactic approaches to control them

Exposure to Children as a Risk Factor for Bacteremic Pneumococcal Disease

Potential Impact of Accelerating the Primary Dose of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infants

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