Incidence of Radiographic Changes in Thoroughbred Yearlings. 755 Cases

Scott, Nicola; Hance, S. R.; Todhunter, Paddy G.; Adams, Paul Vauthier; Adkins, AR; Pagan, J. D.

doi:10.7313/upo9781908062161.029

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of osteochondrosis lesions in the tarsus (4.4 %) and stifle (0.8 %) is generally lower compared with other studies 10,14,17,24 . Concavity/fragmentation of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia was the most common osteochondrosis lesion and was present in 4.4 % of yearlings in a previous study compared with 3.17 % in the current study 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In other studies of Thoroughbred yearlings the prevalence of sagittal ridge lesions varied between 7.5 and 60.8 % in the MCP joint 10,11,14,24 . In 1 study the prevalence of sagittal ridge radiographic changes was nearly 4 times the number recorded in this study (60.6 %) 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…No osteochondral fragments associated with the joints in the carpus were present in South African Thoroughbred yearlings. Other studies of Thoroughbred yearlings found a prevalence for osteochondral fragments of 0.3 to 2.2 % of carpi examined 10,14,24 . Again the presence of this radiographic change in other groups of Thoroughbred yearlings may reflect the level of exercise to which they are exposed to prior to the Yearling Sales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Radiographic changes recorded from pre-purchase radiographs of Thoroughbred yearlings have been investigated in Thoroughbred populations around the world, not only in terms of the prevalence of specific radiographic changes but also the impact these changes have on the sale price and future racing career of the Thoroughbred 3,10,11,13,14,17,24 . The changes identified can either be classified as developmental or traumatic in origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The changes identified can either be classified as developmental or traumatic in origin. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a developmental orthopaedic disease and most commonly manifests as sagittal ridge defects of the distal metacarpus, distal intermediate ridge defects of the tibia, trochlear ridge lesions in the tarsus and lesions in the stifle joint in the Thoroughbred yearling 10,11,13,14,17,24 . The most common traumatic radiographic lesions identified in the same studies are within the distal joints of the tarsus with the prevalence varying from 6.1 % to 31 % 9, 14,17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic changes in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa

Furniss¹,

Carstens²

2011

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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This study involves the evaluation of pre-purchase radiographic studies of South African Thoroughbred yearlings. Radiographic changes were recorded and compared with similar international studies. The study differs from other studies in that a lower prevalence of pedal osteitis (1.26 %), dorsal osteochondral fragmentation of the metatarsophalangeal joint (1.60 %), distal metacarpal sagittal ridge changes (15.7 %), ulnar carpal bone lucencies (8.33 %), carpal osteophytes (1.19 %), distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint radiographic changes (9.92 %), tarsal osteochondrosis lesions (4.40 %) and stifle osteochondrosis lesions (0.4 %) was found. The prevalence of dorsal osteochondral fragments in the metacarpophalangeal joint was similar to other studies (1.60 %). A higher prevalence of vascular channels as well as irregular borders and lucencies was evident in the proximal sesamoid bones. There was a higher prevalence of palmar metacarpophalangeal and plantar metatarsophalangeal osteochondral fragments (2 % and 7.10 % respectively). Palmar metacarpal disease, metacarpal supracondylar lysis, proximal sesamoid bone fractures and carpal osteochondral fragmentation were absent in the current study. Additional findings recorded in the current study were proximal interphalangeal joint hyperextension (left front 15.13 %, right front 18.91 %), the solar angle (right front 2.38°, left front 2.79°), the prevalence of carpal bone 1 (30.95 %) and carpal bone 5 (1.59 %). Management, nutrition and genetics in the various groups of Thoroughbred yearlings should be further investigated in order to explain the reasons for the differences recorded in the current study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiographic changes in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa

Furniss¹,

Carstens²

2011

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Heritability and prevalence of selected osteochondrosis lesions in yearling Thoroughbred horses

Russell¹,

Matika

Russell³

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryBackgroundOsteochondrosis is considered multifactorial in origin, with factors such as nutrition, conformation, body size, trauma and genetics thought to contribute to its pathogenesis. Few studies have investigated the effects of genetic variability of osteochondrosis in Thoroughbreds.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and genetic variability of a subset of osteochondrosis lesions in a group of Thoroughbred yearlings.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRadiographs of 1962 Thoroughbred yearlings were retrieved from clinical records obtained between 2005 and 2013. Pedigree information was obtained from the Australian Stud Book. Osteochondrosis lesions were documented in selected joints and estimates of heritability were obtained by fitting linear mixed models in ASREML software.ResultsThe overall prevalence of osteochondrosis was 23%. Osteochondrosis was identified in 10% of stifle joints, 6% of hock joints and 8% of fetlock joints. The heritability estimates ranged from 0 to 0.21. The largest estimates were 0.10, 0.14, 0.16 and 0.21 for lesions of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia, dorso‐proximal proximal phalanx (P1), any stifle osteochondrosis, and lesions of the lateral trochlear ridge of the distal femur, respectively. Although calculated heritability estimates had high standard errors, meta‐analyses combining the present results with published estimates were significant at 0.10, 0.17, 0.15 and 0.20 for stifle, tarsal, fetlock and these joints combined, respectively. In addition, there was a permanent environment attributable to the dam effect.Main limitationsInclusion criteria were based on radiographic findings in specific joints at a specific age range in Thoroughbreds.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that only a proportion of osteochondrosis in Thoroughbreds is heritable. The permanent environment effects of the dam were observed to have effects on some categories of osteochondrosis.

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Osteoclast density is not increased in bone adjacent to radiolucencies (cysts) in juvenile equine medial femoral condyles

Fortin‐Trahan

Lemirre

Santschi

et al. 2021

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background: There is a knowledge gap about how equine MFC subchondral radiolucencies (SR) arise and evolve. Osteoclasts are believed to have a role but have not been studied in situ. Objectives: To measure and compare osteoclast density and the percentage of chondroclasts in healthy and MFC SR specimens from juvenile Thoroughbreds. Study design: Cadaveric study. Methods: Medial femoral condyles (MFC) from a tissue bank of equine stifles were studied. Inclusion criteria were MFCs (≤8 months old) with a computed tomography SR lesion and histological focal failure of endochondral ossification (L group).Contralateral, lesion-free, MFCs were a control group (CC). Osteochondral slabs were cut through the lesion (L), a healthy site immediately caudal to the lesion, (internal control; IC) and the contralateral, site-matched controls (CC). Histological sections were immunostained with Cathepsin K for osteoclast counting. Osteoclasts in contact with the growth cartilage (chondroclasts) were also counted. The sections were segmented into regions of interest (ROI) at different depths in the subchondral bone: ROI 1 (0-1 mm), ROI 2 (1-3 mm) and ROI 3 (3-6 mm). Osteoclasts were counted and the bone area was measured in each ROI to calculate their density. Chondroclasts were counted in ROI 1 .Results: Sections were studied from L and IC (n = 6) and CC sites (n = 5). Osteoclast density was significantly higher in ROI 1 when compared with ROI 3 in all groups.Although higher osteoclast density was measured in ROI 1 in the L group, no significant differences were detected when compared with control ROIs. The proportion of chondroclasts in ROI 1 was lower in the L sections when compared with controls but no significant differences were detected.Main limitations: Limited sample size. Conclusions:Osteoclasts are important actors in MFC subchondral bone development, digesting both growth cartilage (chondroclasts) and bone, but the

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Incidence of Radiographic Changes in Thoroughbred Yearlings. 755 Cases

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Radiographic changes in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa

Radiographic changes in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa

Heritability and prevalence of selected osteochondrosis lesions in yearling Thoroughbred horses

Osteoclast density is not increased in bone adjacent to radiolucencies (cysts) in juvenile equine medial femoral condyles

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