Incidence of retinopathy of prematurity type 1 and type 2 in a regional Hospital of Social Security in the state of Queretaro, Mexico (2017–2018)

Abstract

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the primary cause of blindness in children, is a potential complication for 7.7% of live births in Mexico. Given that less than one-third of all neonatal intensive care units follow Mexican National ROP guidelines, there have been few reports regarding the incidences of types 1 and 2 ROP. Methods This was a retrospective study that investigated the incidence and onset of ROP in a representative sample of children in Mexico. We analyzed the results obtained by the ROP Detection and Treatment Program, compliant with the Mexican National ROP guidelines, over a 1-year period. This study included 132 children who were born prematurely, were initially screened between October 2, 2017 and October 1, 2018, and underwent follow-up based on their risk group (in accordance with the Mexican National ROP guidelines). Results The mean gestational age (GA) at birth was 32 weeks and 3 days (32w3d) (95% CI, ± 3 days), and the mean birth weight (BW) was 1594 g (95% CI, ± 96 g). The clinical features were as follows: 36.4% had immature retina without ROP, 22.0% had mild ROP, 5.3% had type 2 ROP, 27.3% had type 1 ROP, and 1.5% had advanced disease. Premature children with ROP requiring treatment (i.e., type 1 ROP + advanced ROP) were born at an MGA of 30w4d (95% CI, ± 5d; range, 26–35 weeks); their MBW was 1316 g (95% CI, ± 110 g; range, 830–2220 g). Diagnosis of ROP requiring treatment was made at a mean postmenstrual age (PMA) of 37w3d (95% CI, ± 5d; range, 31w1d to 42w1d). Conclusion In Mexico, screening and close ophthalmological follow-up of children who present with risk factors of birth weight < 1750 g and gestational age ≤ 34 weeks, both of which are observed more frequently in children with type 1 ROP, appears essential for implementing timely treatments (within 72 h). This is particularly important for children with PMA between 36 and 38 weeks, which is considered to be the peak age for disease stages that require timely intervention.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Ardebil (North West of Iran): Prevalence and Risk factors

“…A significant relationship between birth weight and ROP was also confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis by which birth weight less than 1725 g was associated with a 4.5-fold increase in the risk of ROP (OR = 4.522, 95% CI: 2.677-7.637, P <0.001). This finding is consistent with many previous studies (4,(11)(12)(13)16,17,19).…”

“…ROP is a multifactorial disease in which low gestational age at birth has been suggested in several studies as an important risk factor for this disease. In studies in India, Pakistan, Mexico, Portugal, Oman, and Isfahan, the gestational age of neonates with retinopathy at birth was significantly lower than that of nonpatients (4,11,13,14,16,17), which are in accordance with our findings. In a study by Ludwig et al (2017) in the United States, multivariate regression analysis showed that gestational age was an independent predictor of ROP (12), which is similar to the present study.…”

“…The need for treatment among premature infants with retinopathy in the study of Kossambe et al (2019) in India was 38.7%, followed by 36.4% in Portugal and 31.1% in Mexico, which are higher than our study (11,13,17). However, the need for treatment among infants with ROP in a study in the United States was 3.8% and 17% in a study in Australia, which is less than the present study (12,29).…”

“…While its prevalence in the study of Acevedo-castelln et al (2019) in Mexico was 56.1%, followed by 40.4% in Oman, 34% in Egypt, 33% in Pakistan, and 31.3% in Portugal. All are more than the present study (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The prevalence of ROP in Saudi Arabia has been reported to be 28%, which is similar to our findings (18).…”

A Deep Learning Framework for Identifying Zone I in RetCam Images

“…The International Classification of ROP (ICROP) divides ROP by zoning, staging, and grading of plus disease [7]. The incidence of type 1 ROP is higher in developing countries [4] but lower in developed countries. It is only 6.1% in the United States and Canada [8].…”