Incidence of second primary malignancies in patients with thyroid cancer in the Turkish population

Abstract

Background/aim: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Recently the incidence has been increasing faster compared to other malignancies. Different studies have shown that the incidence of breast cancer in patients followed due to thyroid cancer has increased, and vice versa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of second primary cancers in the follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: In this study, 1196 patients with thyroid cancer were evaluated in the Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical School's Department of Endocrinology between 2004 and 2018. Demographic characteristics and radiological and pathological results of the patients were recorded. The presence of accompanying second malignancies in patients with thyroid cancer was investigated. Results: In our study, 985 (82.4%) women (mean age: 46.1 ± 13.3 years) and 211 (17.6%) men (mean age: 49.9 ± 14.2 years) were evaluated. The median follow-up was 63 months (2-164 months). Of the 1196 patients, 1126 (94.1%) had no additional cancer and 70 (5.9%) patients had a second malignancy. The accompanying second malignancies were breast cancer in 24 (2%) patients, skin cancer in 8 (0.7%) patients, renal cell cancer in 5 (0.4%) patients, lung cancer in 5 (0.4%) patients, colon cancer in 5 (0.4%) patients, lymphoma in 5 (0.4%) patients, endometrial cancer in 4 (0.3%) patients, and 14 cases of other rare types of cancer. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that the most common second primary malignancy in patients with thyroid cancer was breast cancer. However, other cancers (skin cancer, renal cell cancer, lymphoma, and colon, lung, or endometrial cancer) may occur in patients with thyroid cancer.

The assessment of the Long Term Hematologic Effects in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with Radioactive Iodine

“…The incidence of the malignancy in Turkey is 0.2%. As to be expected, it was reported that the prevalence of SPM was increased by 20 times in patients with thyroid cancer [ 24 ]. Silva-Vieira et al [ 25 ] detected SPMs in 4.8% of patients with thyroid cancer who did not receive RAI treatment.…”

“…Although RAI is known to be a risk factor for leukemia, SPMs cannot be ruled out. Karaköse et al [ 24 ] detected 70 SPMs in 1196 patients with thyroid cancer. Thirty-two of them were diagnosed with a second malignancy after thyroid cancer and 38 of them were diagnosed with another malignancy before thyroid cancer.…”

Use of multikinase inhibitors/lenvatinib in patients with synchronous/metachronous cancers coinciding with radioactive‐resistant differentiated thyroid cancer

“…Studies report that patients with DTC have an associated 6%-39% higher risk of SPCs than the general population (greater in younger patients) and this has been shown to have a negative impact on prognosis. 7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] It has been shown that there is an increased incidence of multiple locations for SPCs both before, during, and after a diagnosis of DTC. 8,9,[12][13][14]17,18 There appears to be an increased and persistent twoway association, verified by updated large epidemiology studies and a meta-analysis of breast (the most frequent correlated tumor), kidney (renal cell carcinoma [RCC]) and stomach/gastric cancer in DTC patients.…”

“…7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] It has been shown that there is an increased incidence of multiple locations for SPCs both before, during, and after a diagnosis of DTC. 8,9,[12][13][14]17,18 There appears to be an increased and persistent twoway association, verified by updated large epidemiology studies and a meta-analysis of breast (the most frequent correlated tumor), kidney (renal cell carcinoma [RCC]) and stomach/gastric cancer in DTC patients. Reciprocal association has also been evidenced with melanoma, colon, prostate, scrotum, ovarian, brain, central nervous system cancer, and leukemia, irrespective of which tumor occurred first.…”

Co-Occurrence of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Second Primary Malignancy: Correlation with Expression Profiles of Mismatch Repair Protein and Cell Cycle Regulators

“…Prolonged survival has resulted in an increased chance of nonthyroid malignancies in thyroid cancer patients, reported in several cancer registry and epidemiological studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The risk of developing thyroid cancer is also elevated after a variety of first primary adult cancers, but it is not clearly related to treatment [19][20][21][22].…”