Abstract:Introduction: The protective effect of previous infection versus vaccination is poorly studied. Among a clinical laboratory that has been conducting routine workforce screening since the beginning of the pandemic, we aimed to assess the relative risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among individuals who were SARS-CoV-2 naive, previously infected, or vaccinated.
Methods: Using an electronic laboratory information system, employees were divided into three groups: (1) SAR… Show more
“…Protection was observed up to 10 months. People with prior COVID-19 had a similar and durable level of protection when compared to those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (Kojima et al, 2021;Stephens & McElrath, 2020).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…A history of COVID-19 may be as protective against reinfection as vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. A study investigating the frequency of repeat infection among laboratory personnel undergoing daily testing found no difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates between those with prior COVID-19 versus those vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 infection (Kojima et al, 2021). Thompson et al also reported that the decrease in risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those with prior infection was similar in magnitude to the relative risk reduction against SARS-CoV-2 infection among those who were vaccinated (Thompson et al, 2021).…”
We systematically reviewed studies to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. For this systematic review, we searched scientific publications on PubMed and MedRxiv, a pre-print server, through August 18, 2021. Eligible studies were retrieved on August 18, 2021. The following search term was used on PubMed: (((“Cohort Studies”[Majr]) AND (“COVID-19”[Mesh] OR “SARS-CoV-2”[Mesh])) OR “Reinfection”[Majr]) OR “Reinfection”[Mesh]. The following search term was used on MedRxiv: “Cohort Studies” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” AND “Reinfection”. The search terms were broad to encompass all applicable studies. There were no restrictions on the date of publication. Studies that did not describe cohorts with estimates of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those with previous infection were excluded. Studies that included vaccinated participants were either excluded or limited to sub-groups of non-vaccinated individuals. To identify relevant studies with appropriate control groups, we developed the following criteria for studies to be included in the systematic analysis: (1) baseline polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, (2) a uninfected comparison group, (3) longitudinal follow-up, (4) a cohort of human participants, i.e. not a case report or case series, and (5) outcome determined by PCR. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We assessed for selection, information, and analysis bias, per PRISMA guidelines. We identified 1,392 reports. Of those, 10 studies were eligible for our systematic review. The weighted average risk reduction against reinfection was 90.4% with a standard deviation of 7.7% ( p-value: <0.01). Protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was observed for up to 10 months. Studies had potential information, selection, and analysis biases. The protective effect of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on re-infection is high and similar to the protective effect of vaccination. More research is needed to characterize the duration of protection and the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
“…Protection was observed up to 10 months. People with prior COVID-19 had a similar and durable level of protection when compared to those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (Kojima et al, 2021;Stephens & McElrath, 2020).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…A history of COVID-19 may be as protective against reinfection as vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. A study investigating the frequency of repeat infection among laboratory personnel undergoing daily testing found no difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates between those with prior COVID-19 versus those vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 infection (Kojima et al, 2021). Thompson et al also reported that the decrease in risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those with prior infection was similar in magnitude to the relative risk reduction against SARS-CoV-2 infection among those who were vaccinated (Thompson et al, 2021).…”
We systematically reviewed studies to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. For this systematic review, we searched scientific publications on PubMed and MedRxiv, a pre-print server, through August 18, 2021. Eligible studies were retrieved on August 18, 2021. The following search term was used on PubMed: (((“Cohort Studies”[Majr]) AND (“COVID-19”[Mesh] OR “SARS-CoV-2”[Mesh])) OR “Reinfection”[Majr]) OR “Reinfection”[Mesh]. The following search term was used on MedRxiv: “Cohort Studies” AND “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” AND “Reinfection”. The search terms were broad to encompass all applicable studies. There were no restrictions on the date of publication. Studies that did not describe cohorts with estimates of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those with previous infection were excluded. Studies that included vaccinated participants were either excluded or limited to sub-groups of non-vaccinated individuals. To identify relevant studies with appropriate control groups, we developed the following criteria for studies to be included in the systematic analysis: (1) baseline polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, (2) a uninfected comparison group, (3) longitudinal follow-up, (4) a cohort of human participants, i.e. not a case report or case series, and (5) outcome determined by PCR. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We assessed for selection, information, and analysis bias, per PRISMA guidelines. We identified 1,392 reports. Of those, 10 studies were eligible for our systematic review. The weighted average risk reduction against reinfection was 90.4% with a standard deviation of 7.7% ( p-value: <0.01). Protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was observed for up to 10 months. Studies had potential information, selection, and analysis biases. The protective effect of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on re-infection is high and similar to the protective effect of vaccination. More research is needed to characterize the duration of protection and the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
“… 4 Due to the strong association and biological basis for protection, 12 clinicians should consider counselling recovered patients on their risk for reinfection and document previous infection status in medical records. Biological, epidemiological, and clinical evidence that previous COVID-19 infection reduces the risk for reinfection Biological studies Dan et al (2021): 1 about 95% of participants tested retained immune memory at about 6 months after having COVID-19; more than 90% of participants had CD4 + T-cell memory at 1 month and 6–8 months after having COVID-19 Wang et al (2021): 2 participants with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with an ancestral variant produce antibodies that cross-neutralise emerging variants of concern with high potency Epidemiological studies Hansen et al (2021): 3 in a population-level observational study, people who had had COVID-19 previously were around 80·5% protected against reinfection Pilz et al (2021): 4 in a retrospective observational study using national Austrian SARS-CoV-2 infection data, people who had had COVID-19 previously were around 91% protected against reinfection Sheehan et al (2021): 5 in a retrospective cohort study in the USA, people who had had COVID-19 previously were 81·8% protected against reinfection Shrestha et al (2021): 6 in a retrospective cohort study in the USA, people who had had COVID-19 previously were 100% protected against reinfection Gazit et al (2021): 7 in a retrospective observational study in Israel, SARS-CoV-2-naive vaccinees had a 13·06-times increased risk for breakthrough infection with the delta (B.1.617.2) variant compared with those who had had COVID-19 previously; evidence of waning natural immunity was also shown Kojima et al (2021): 8 in a retrospective observational cohort of laboratory staff routinely screened for SARS-CoV-2, people who had had COVID-19 previously were 100% protected against reinfection Clinical studies Hall et al (2021): 9 in a large, multicentre, prospective cohort study, having had COVID-19 previously was associated with an 84% decreased risk of infection Letizia et al (2021): 10 in a prospective cohort of US Marines, seropositive young adults were 82% protected against reinfection …”
“…A history of COVID-19 may be as protective against reinfection as vaccination for SARS-CoV-2. A study investigating the frequency of repeat infection among laboratory personnel undergoing daily testing found no difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates between those with prior COVID-19 versus those vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 infection (Kojima et al, 2021). Thompson et al also reported that the decrease in risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those with prior infection was similar in magnitude to the relative risk reduction against SARS-CoV-2 infection among those who were vaccinated (Thompson et al, 2021).…”
Section: Final Versionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…People with prior COVID-19 had a similar and durable level of protection when compared to those vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (Kojima et al, 2021;Stephens & McElrath, 2020).…”
Introduction: We systematically reviewed studies to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Methods: For this systematic review, we searched scientific publications on PubMed and, the pre-print server, MedRxiv through August 18, 2021. Eligible studies were retrieved on August 18, 2021. We used the following search term on PubMed: (((Cohort Studies [Majr]) AND (COVID-19 [Mesh] OR SARS-CoV-2 [Mesh])) OR Reinfection [Majr]) OR
Reinfection [Mesh]. We used the following search term on MedRxiv: Cohort Studies AND COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 AND Reinfection. The search terms were broad to encompass all possibilities for applicable studies. There were no restrictions on the date of publication. Studies that did not describe cohorts with estimates of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection among those with previous infection were excluded. Studies that included vaccinated participants were either excluded or limited to sub-groups of non-vaccinated individuals. To identify relevant studies with appropriate control groups, we developed the following criteria for studies to be included in the systematic analysis: (1) baseline polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, (2) a negative comparison group, (3) longitudinal follow-up, (4) a cohort of human participants, i.e., not a case report or case series, and (5) outcome determined by PCR. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We assessed for selection, information, and analysis bias, per PRISMA guidelines.
Results: We identified 1,392 reports. Of those, 10 studies were eligible for our systematic review. The weighted average risk reduction against reinfection was 90.4% with a standard deviation of 7.7%. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was observed for up to 10 months. Studies had potential information, selection, and analysis biases.
Conclusions: The protective effect of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on re-infection is high and similar to the protective effect of vaccination. More research is needed to characterize the duration of protection and the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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