Incidence of Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus and Its Reported Vector,<i>Polymyxa graminis,</i>in Field-Grown Soft Red Winter Wheat

Himmel, P. T.; Hewings, A. D.; Glawe, Dean A.

doi:10.1094/pd-75-1008

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This hypothesis is valid because naturally occurring isolates of other Polymyxa spp.-transmitted viruses such as BaYMV (Hariri et al 2003), Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) (Kühne et al 2003), and Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) (Liu and Lewellen 2007;Varrelmann 2007), which are able to overcome host resistance, have been described. Several reports demonstrate that SBWMV could also be detected in leaves of a small proportion of individuals of resistant wheat cultivars either when inoculated with infested soils under glasshouse conditions or when grown in naturally infested fields (Armitage et al 1990;Driskel et al 2002;Himmel et al 1991). Similar observations were reported from wheat germplasm resistance screenings in SBCMV-infested fields in France, Germany, and Italy (Budge et al 2008) (U. Kastirr, personal communication).…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…A reduction or delay in viral accumulation in the roots or resistance to viruliferous P. graminis zoospores have been proposed as additional or alternative mechanisms of resistance to SBCMV or SBWMV in hexaploid bread wheat and in tetraploid durum wheat (Hariri et al 1987;Himmel et al 1991;Hunger et al 1989;Larsen et al 1985). Studies of other virus-plant interactions have shown that initial viral replication or movement is delayed or inhibited in resistant cultivars when compared with susceptible cultivars (Chain et al 2005;Kumari and Makkouk 2003) but it is not known whether such a phenomenon occurs in SBCMV-resistant wheat cultivars.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Two Unusual Features of Resistance to Soilborne cereal mosaic virus in Hexaploid Wheat: Leakiness and Gradual Elimination of Viral Coat Protein from Infected Root Tissues

Lyons¹,

Yilmaz²,

Powers³

et al. 2009

MPMI

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Spatiotemporal infection patterns of Soilborne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) were compared between resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars to elucidate disease resistance mechanisms. Resistance to SBCMV was manifested by a gradual disappearance of the viral coat protein (CP) from the roots following an initial short period of steady accumulation. Interestingly, viral RNA persisted in the roots of resistant cultivars even after the CP had disappeared. Traces of viral RNA were also detected in the uninoculated leaves of the resistant cv. Cadenza. These findings suggest that the resistance mechanism to SBCMV in wheat involves the efficient disassembly of virus particles and either an inhibition of further synthesis of viral CP or its proteolytic degradation. SBCMV accumulated in the leaves of a small proportion of individual plants of Cadenza and other recognized resistant cultivars, highlighting the leaky nature of the resistance, but the roots of these plants were often devoid of viral CP. Increasing or decreasing the concentration of the inocula had no effect on the incidence rate of such "resistance breakdown"; however, a positive correlation was found between the incidence rate of resistance breakdown and the percentage of systemically infected individuals of recognized susceptible cultivars in each separate experiment.

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supporting

confidence: 65%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Two Unusual Features of Resistance to Soilborne cereal mosaic virus in Hexaploid Wheat: Leakiness and Gradual Elimination of Viral Coat Protein from Infected Root Tissues

Lyons¹,

Yilmaz²,

Powers³

et al. 2009

MPMI

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“…SBWMV has an etiology similar to OMV and OGSV. Both SBWMV and P. graminis have been detected in resistant plants (14). However, Himmel et al (14) detected higher levels of SBWMV in the roots of susceptible cultivars than in roots of resistant cultivars during the winter dormant period.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both SBWMV and P. graminis have been detected in resistant plants (14). However, Himmel et al (14) detected higher levels of SBWMV in the roots of susceptible cultivars than in roots of resistant cultivars during the winter dormant period. Himmel et al hypothesized that the higher level of virus in the roots of susceptible cultivars created a larger reservoir of virus which moves into the shoots in spring.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection For Resistance and Tolerance to Oat Mosaic Virus and Oat Golden Stripe Virus in Hexaploid Oats

Walker¹,

Leath

Murphy

et al. 1998

Plant Disease

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Coker 716, a hexaploid oat cultivar resistant to both oat mosaic virus (OMV) and oat golden stripe virus (OGSV) was crossed to three susceptible cultivars (Brooks, Madison, and Tech) to form three individual populations. Individual breeding lines were derived from each cross in the F2 generation and tested in plots consisting of equally spaced individual hills in OMV- and OGSV-infested soils and non-infested soils to evaluate resistance and yield loss of individual lines. Foliar symptoms, harvest index, and yield loss were examined as selection criteria for resistant genotypes. The study was conducted over 2 years at two North Carolina locations that differed in soil type and climate. Multiple regression models describing yield loss in each cross due to rating, year, and location were calculated. Coefficients of multiple determination in these models ranged from 0.39 to 0.51. Yield loss ranged from 39 to 60% among different crosses. Infection by OMV and OGSV accounted for the majority of yield loss in two of the populations. Disease severity varied widely over years and locations. The results suggest that selection of lines with symptomatic tissue of 10% or less, or selection of tolerant lines, is needed for breeding progress.

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“…Os níveis mais altos de esporos de resistência foram encontrados nas cultivares suscetíveis e moderadamente resistentes, ao passo que um pequeno número de grupos de esporos de resistência foi observado na cultivar de trigo resistente. Esse resultado foi semelhante ao relatado por Himmel et al (1991) que observaram menor número de esporos de resistência nas cultivares resistentes do que nas cultivares suscetíveis. Nas cultivares IAC 5-Maringá e Embrapa 27 (suscetíveis ao SBWMV), o número de grupos de esporos de resistência foi reduzido na primeira época quando comparado à segunda época, embora o ID e a incidência tenham sido semelhantes nas duas épocas.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Incidência e índice de doença do mosaico do trigo em cereais de inverno e em gramíneas de verão, associados ao Polymyxa graminis

2002

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Incidence and disease index of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus on winter cereals and summer grasses associated with the fungus Polymyxa graminisThe Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is transmitted by the fungus Polymyxa graminis. To evaluate the incidence and the disease index (DI%) and the presence of the vector in the root system, an experiment was carried out using: oat (Avena strigosa and A. sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), triticale (Triticum secale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), Lilium multiforum, mayze (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Pannisetum americanum, Digitaria sp. and Brachiaria sp. The experiment was conducted during two sowing periods. Incidence was calculated based on the percentage of the symptomatic plants and grades (0-5) were given INTRODUÇÃOO trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) é um dos cultivos mais afetados por doenças causadas por fungos, bactérias e vírus (Mehta, 1978). Entre as doenças de importância para a cultura, está a virose causada pelo vírus do mosaico do trigo (Soilborne wheat mosaic vírus, SBWMV) gênero Furovirus (Campbell, 1996), que tem como vetor o fungo Polymyxa graminis Ledingham (Campbell, 1996). O SBWMV apresenta genoma de RNA bipartido encapsulado em partículas alongadas retilíneas, de fita simples e senso positivo (Shirako, 1998). A transmissão do vírus ocorre pela colonização dos pêlos radiculares de plantas através dos zoosporos virulíferos de P. graminis, considerado um parasita obrigatório de raízes de gramíneas (Barr, 1979) que pode persistir por longos períodos em raízes em decomposição ou no solo (Adams, 1991). Os sintomas da virose variam de mosaico verde a mosaico amarelo, ocorrendo mais freqüentemente em plantas com desenvolvimento em áreas mais baixas, especialmente durante extensos períodos de frio e alta umidade do solo (Larsen et al., 1985).Os fatores que influenciam a transmissão do vírus são microscópio luminoso, atribuindo-se níveis de infestação pela quantidade de grupos de esporos de resistência de P. graminis. Em espécies de aveia, não foram observados sintomas e esporos de resistência do vetor. Na cultura da cevada, não foram observados sintomas, mas sim esporos de resistência no sistema radicular. Para o triticale e o trigo, na primeira época de plantio, a incidência e ID (%) foram mais elevados quando comparados à segunda época. Observou-se uma relação direta entre o ID (%) e a quantidade de esporos de resistência. Nas gramíneas de verão, não foram observados sintomas de SBWMV nem esporos de resistência no sistema radicular. Palavras-chave adicionais: SBWMV, Furovirus, esporos de resistência, virose.to determine the DI (%). Root segments were collected, then stained with solution of cotton blue-lactofenol and visualized in optical microscope. The quantity of resting spores groups was rated. No symptoms were observed on oat species, however, the presence of resting spores in moderate quantities was observed on barley. The incidence and DI (%) for the triticale and wheat in the first sowing period were higher than in the second one. A di...

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Incidence of Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus and Its Reported Vector,Polymyxa graminis,in Field-Grown Soft Red Winter Wheat

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Two Unusual Features of Resistance to Soilborne cereal mosaic virus in Hexaploid Wheat: Leakiness and Gradual Elimination of Viral Coat Protein from Infected Root Tissues

Characterization of Two Unusual Features of Resistance to Soilborne cereal mosaic virus in Hexaploid Wheat: Leakiness and Gradual Elimination of Viral Coat Protein from Infected Root Tissues

Selection For Resistance and Tolerance to Oat Mosaic Virus and Oat Golden Stripe Virus in Hexaploid Oats

Incidência e índice de doença do mosaico do trigo em cereais de inverno e em gramíneas de verão, associados ao Polymyxa graminis

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