Incidence of spontaneous abortion in Bahrain before and after the Gulf War of 1991

Rajab, Khalil E.; Mohammad, Amir; Mustafa, Fekriya E.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(99)00195-2

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Different stressful events, including war, may cause changes in some segments of perinatal outcome; increased abortion rate, low birth weight babies, increase in the number of stillbirths and pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia in war affected areas [1][2][3][4]. However, the influence of life stress on premature labor is controversial [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the incidence and outcome of singleton premature births in the Split University Hospital

et al. 2008

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AbstractTo investigate the influence of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on incidence and perinatal outcome of singleton preterm births at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in the Split University Hospital. Data were collected by reviewing patients’ files at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics from three periods: the three years before the war (1988–1990), during the war (1992–1994), and after the war (1996–1998). A total of 2,358 patients’ files of singleton preterm delivery were analyzed. Singleton preterm delivery rate decreased during the war (5.02%) and post-war period (4.74%) compared to the pre-war period (6.19%). Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality rates of singleton premature babies significantly increased during the war to 226%, compared to 193% before the war and 134% after the war. Early neonatal mortality rate was 215% during the war, 209% in the pre-war period, and 156% after the war. Despite the continuous decrease in singleton preterm birth rate throughout the observed periods, the increase in stillbirth rate and early neonatal mortality rate during the war might have been caused by the war. This may be due to primary gynecological care being inadequate for many pregnant women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the incidence and outcome of singleton premature births in the Split University Hospital

et al. 2008

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“…Rajab et al (2000) compare the incidence of spontaneous abortions in the 5 years before and the 5 years after the Gulf War based on hospital records from the main referral hospital of Bahrain, and find an increase in referrals in the post-war period. Using Chinese retrospective fertility histories data, Cai & Feng (2005) find that the probability of miscarriage and stillbirth increased in China during years corresponding to the Chinese Cultural Revolution and years corresponding to the famine caused by the Great Leap Forward, after controlling for a linear time trend and parental socioeconomic characteristics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Civil conflict, gender-specific fetal loss, and selection: A new test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis

Valente

2015

Journal of Health Economics

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A sizeable economics literature explores the effect of prenatal shocks on later health or socioeconomic status. Work in other disciplines, following the seminal contribution of Trivers & Willard (1973), suggests that prenatal shocks may increase fetal loss and reduce the number of boys relative to girls at birth. This has been largely ignored in the economics literature and could affect the interpretation of estimates of the effect of prenatal shocks and that of gender in other applied economics contexts. This paper analyzes the effect of in utero exposure to a shock -civil conflict in Nepal -on (i) fetal loss, and (ii) gender and (iii) health at birth. Maternal fixed effects estimates show that exposed pregnancies are more likely to result in a miscarriage and in a female birth, but exposed newborns are neither smaller nor more subject to neonatal mortality.JEL codes: I10, J13, O15

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“…However, pathologies and incompatibilities alone do not explain all miscarriages (12). Maternal stress is commonly cited as a potential cause for at least part of pregnancy losses that remain ''unexplained'' (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Yet, for humans, little physiological evidence exists in support of this hypothesis (22)(23)(24).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Previous research on the topic, however, has focused mainly on clinical pregnancy (Ͼ6 weeks after last menstrual period, equivalent to Ͼ4 weeks after conception) (23). Furthermore, except for studies on women with known fertility problems (22), past studies have rarely included physiologic measures (14)(15)(16)30). Whereas some previous studies found stress to be associated with spontaneous abortion (15,24,31,32), others did not (23,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cortisol levels and very early pregnancy loss in humans

Nepomnaschy

Welch

McConnell

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

282

197

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Maternal stress is commonly cited as an important risk factor for spontaneous abortion. For humans, however, there is little physiological evidence linking miscarriage to stress. This lack of evidence may be attributable to a paucity of research on maternal stress during the earliest gestational stages. Most human studies have focused on ''clinical'' pregnancy (>6 weeks after the last menstrual period). The majority of miscarriages, however, occur earlier, within the first 3 weeks after conception (Ϸ5 weeks after the last menstrual period). Studies focused on clinical pregnancy thus miss the most critical period for pregnancy continuance. We examined the association between miscarriage and levels of maternal urinary cortisol during the first 3 weeks after conception. Pregnancies characterized by increased maternal cortisol during this period (within participant analyses) were more likely to result in spontaneous abortion (P < 0.05). This evidence links increased levels in this stress marker with a higher risk of early pregnancy loss in humans.stress ͉ miscarriage ͉ placentation ͉ fetomaternal conflict ͉ evolutionary theory

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Incidence of spontaneous abortion in Bahrain before and after the Gulf War of 1991

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the incidence and outcome of singleton premature births in the Split University Hospital

Influence of the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on the incidence and outcome of singleton premature births in the Split University Hospital

Civil conflict, gender-specific fetal loss, and selection: A new test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis

Cortisol levels and very early pregnancy loss in humans

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