Incidence of sports-related concussion in elite para athletes – a 52-week prospective study

Lexell, Jan; Lovén, Gustav; Fagher, Kristina

doi:10.1080/02699052.2021.1942551

Cited by 16 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…16,17 Comparing a group of Swedish winter parasport athletes (including para-alpine skiing, cross country skiing, ice hockey and wheelchair curling, n = 19), a concussion IR of 0.4 concussion/1000 athlete-hours was found, which is remarkably lower than that found in our survey. 18 Our findings support the findings of Hawkeswood et al 1 that concussion is a major concern in sledge hockey based on a 10-point ranking scale of participant's perceived frequency of the injury occurring. In our survey, head/face injuries (17/47, 36.1%) were the most common injury location followed by upper extremity (12/47, 25.5%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Concussions and Injuries in Sledge Hockey: Grassroots to Elite Participation

Sobry

Kolstad

Janzen

et al. 2022

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Objective:To examine injury (including concussion) rates, location, type, mechanisms, and risk factors in sledge hockey players.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:Sledge hockey players, worldwide, across all levels of play.Participants:Sledge hockey players (ages ≥14 years) who played in the 2019 to 2020 season were recruited through email, social media, and word of mouth communication.Assessment of Risk Factors:Participant characteristics (eg, age, sex, disability) were examined as potential injury risk factors.Main Outcome Measures:Injury rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) examining potential risk factors were reported based on univariate Poisson regression analyses. Injury proportions by type, location, and mechanism were described.Results:Ninety-two players initiated the survey, and 77 (83.7%) provided some injury information. Forty-seven injuries included 16 concussions in 9 of 77 players (11.7%) and 31 non-concussion injuries in 20 of 77 players (26.0%) were reported. The overall IR was 13.2 injuries/1000 athlete-exposures [95% confidence interval (CI); 9.6-17.6]. The game IR (28.4 injuries/1000 game-exposures, 95% CI; 18.6-41.7) was higher than practice IR (4.4 injuries/1000 practice-exposures, 95% CI; 2.2-7.9) (IRR = 6.5, 95% CI; 3.1-14.5). The most common injury locations were the head (34.0%), wrist/hand (14.8%), and shoulder (10.6%). The most common significant injury types were concussion (36.2%) and bone fracture (8.5%). Body checking was the primary mechanism for injuries caused by contact with another player (42.1%) Age, sex, disability, and level of play were not found as injury risk factors.Conclusions:Concussions and upper extremity injuries were the most common sledge hockey injuries reported, with body checking being the most common mechanism. This research will inform development of prevention strategies in sledge hockey.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Concussions and Injuries in Sledge Hockey: Grassroots to Elite Participation

Sobry

Kolstad

Janzen

et al. 2022

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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“…6 Lexell et al demonstrated that Swedish Para athletes with vision impairment reported a significantly higher incidence of sport-related concussion, with collisions being the most common injury mechanism. 7 In different contexts, these studies demonstrate that collisions involving head and neck impacts occur commonly to blind footballers and visually impaired Swedish Para athletes report higher rates of concussions than their Para athlete counterparts with normal vision, but the risk of concussion in para sports is not known.…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Fitzpatrick et al measured kinematic forces, using head-mounted impact sensors, on seven members of a blind football team over 6 months and demonstrated 3.29 mean low magnitude impacts per player per 50 min match, confirming regular match head impacts and therefore concussion risk 6. Lexell et al demonstrated that Swedish Para athletes with vision impairment reported a significantly higher incidence of sport-related concussion, with collisions being the most common injury mechanism 7. In different contexts, these studies demonstrate that collisions involving head and neck impacts occur commonly to blind footballers and visually impaired Swedish Para athletes report higher rates of concussions than their Para athlete counterparts with normal vision, but the risk of concussion in para sports is not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussion through my eyes: a qualitative study exploring concussion experiences and perceptions of male English blind footballers

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesAthletes with impairments play sports with a risk of sustaining head injuries and concussions. However, the scientific knowledge needed to improve care is lacking. This qualitative study explores English blind 5-a-side footballers’ perceptions of concussion, concussion risks and prevention to improve para concussion care.MethodsNine semi-structured interviews were conducted with male English blind footballers (six current and three retired). Data were analysed by thematic analysis using a six-stage approach.ResultsBlind footballers were not sure about the number of concussions they had sustained. They lacked an understanding of what to experience when concussed, and they perceived the diagnosis and experience of a concussion to be different for a person without vision. Perceived concussion severity and previous concussion experiences were key concepts affecting their concussion reporting behaviours. Participants mentioned spatial orientation and sleep are important to function in daily life and were affected by concussions. However, these factors are not adequately included in current assessment tools or clinical guidance for sports-related concussions.ConclusionBlind footballers suggested the quality and accuracy of reported concussions were impacted by lack of concussion experience, knowledge and concomitant impairment. A better understanding of concussion symptoms and injury mechanisms will improve concussion reporting for athletes with visual impairments. These athlete insights should guide future studies and para sports governing body initiatives to improve concussion reporting, diagnosis and management in para athletes.

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“…Understanding and guidelines for assessment, management and prevention of concussion in para-athletes are lacking. 7 Athletes with visual impairments have been shown to be at higher risk of concussion, 8 whereas an epidemiological study of the Tokyo Paralympics showed zero concussion occurrences in blind football competitions. 9 This gap may be explained for two reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study

Tsutsumi,

Sasadai,

Maeda

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveIn Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, there were the rule and goal size changes at the blind football competition. This study aimed to compare the scoring and head impact characteristics during blind football competition between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games using the official videos.DesignVideo-based observational study.ParticipantsIn total, 36 blind football (men’s football 5-a-side) game videos were obtained from the official International Paralympic Committee.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHead impact was defined as the sudden contact of any object with the head. Videos were analysed to assess the number of scores and head impacts along with their corresponding details (ie, round, playing phase, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, head impact site, fall and foul).ResultsThe total number of goals scored at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was nearly double that at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. Regarding head impacts, a total of 2036 cases (Rio 2016, n=1105; Tokyo 2020, n=931) were evaluated. Significant differences were observed in head impact characteristics between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games among seven outcomes (round, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, site of head impact and fall).ConclusionsCompared with the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games showed an increase in the number of points scored and different head impact characteristics.

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Incidence of sports-related concussion in elite para athletes – a 52-week prospective study

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Concussions and Injuries in Sledge Hockey: Grassroots to Elite Participation

Concussions and Injuries in Sledge Hockey: Grassroots to Elite Participation

Concussion through my eyes: a qualitative study exploring concussion experiences and perceptions of male English blind footballers

Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study

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