Incidence of synchronous malignancies found during triple endoscopy in head and neck cancer

Factors associated with the development of second primary tumours in head and neck cancer patients

“…From a total of 829 articles obtained after deleting duplicates, 703 were excluded based on title and abstract and 126 after reading the full text (Figure 1 ). Finally, 38 articles were included in this systematic review: 36 cohort studies (Adams et al, 2019 ; Adjei Boakye et al, 2019 ; Arie et al, 2021 ; Bertolini et al, 2021 ; Bosshart et al, 2021 ; Bugter et al, 2021 ; Bukovszky et al, 2022 ; Cadoni et al, 2017 ; Chow et al, 2019 ; Feng et al, 2017 ; Guo et al, 2021 ; Harada et al, 2017 ; Ho et al, 2022 ; Hosokawa et al, 2018 ; Inoue et al, 2021 ; Iwatsubo et al, 2019 ; León et al, 2020 ; Leoncini et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2017 ; Martel et al, 2017 ; Milliet et al, 2021 ; Min et al, 2019 ; Nishimura et al, 2021 ; Overwater et al, 2022 ; Petersen et al, 2022 ; Piersiala et al, 2020 ; Sawaf et al, 2022 ; Stepan et al, 2022 ; Su et al, 2019 ; Su et al, 2020 ; Tseng et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ) and 2 case‐control studies (Ni et al, 2018 ; Watanabe et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Four studies did not report the SPT location (Adjei Boakye et al, 2019 ; Cadoni et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2017 ; Tseng et al, 2017 ). Age and sex were variables evaluated in all studies, except in Harada et al ( 2017 ), Sawaf et al ( 2022 ), Stepan et al ( 2022 ) and Bukovsky et al ( 2022 ) (the last one evaluated sex but not age).…”

“…Table 2 and Figure 2a show the factors significantly associated with the risk of developing SPTs in patients with HNC. Two of the studies (Piersiala et al, 2020 ; Sawaf et al, 2022 ) did not perform multivariable analysis and did not provide a risk estimator. Thus, only the p value was indicated in the table.…”

“…Thirty‐three of them were classified as having a high methodological quality (7–9 points). The remaining five studies scored 5–6 points and were therefore considered as of medium quality (Bukovszky et al, 2022 ; Ni et al, 2018 ; Piersiala et al, 2020 ; Sawaf et al, 2022 ; Watanabe et al, 2017 ).…”

“…(a) For each risk factor evaluated in this review, the number of articles that studied that factor (n) and the number of articles that found a significant association for that factor (n 0 ) is provided. (b) A summary of the quality of the articles according to their study design is provided With regards to comparability, only 4 out of the 38 studies did not get the maximum score; three because the authors did not perform multivariate analysis (Bukovszky et al, 2022;Piersiala et al, 2020;Sawaf et al, 2022), and another one because they did not mention the variables included in the multivariate analysis (Watanabe et al, 2017).…”