Incidence of Testicular Cancer and Occupation among Swedish Men Gainfully Employed in 1970

Case–control study of male germ cell tumors nested in a cohort of car‐manufacturing workers: Findings from the occupational history

“…But the small prevalence of this subgroup and the occupational groups within it could not explain the risk seen for ''machinery fitters, machinery assemblers & precision instrument makers.'' Testicular cancer has been associated with various occupations including metal workers, farmers, textile workers, police officers, fire-fighters, sales and service managers, but findings were inconsistent across studies [Pearce and Howard, 1986;Rhomberg et al, 1995;Pollán et al, 2001;Stang et al, 2003]. The previously observed association with employment as a metal worker is corroborated by our study.…”

“…Pollán et al [2001] observed an elevated incidence of testicular cancer for metal workers. Andersson et al [2003] attributed an increased risk for workers in pulp and paper manufacturing to metal working.…”

“…Workers in automobile production who previously showed elevated risks for testicular cancer are, for example, skilled workers exposed to metals, metal dust, and possibly cutting oil [Van den Eeden et al, 1991;Rhomberg et al, 1995;Pollán et al, 2001;Walschaerts et al, 2007], and motor vehicle mechanics [Pearce et al, 1987]. Other occupational groups which appeared to have elevated risks are white collar workers [Pearce et al, 1987;Van den Eeden et al, 1991], professional employees (administrators, teachers, and other professionals) [Hayes et al, 1990], workers in the electrical power industry [Knight et al, 1996] and service workers [Pearce et al, 1987;Knight et al, 1996].…”

Testicular cancer: A narrative review of the role of socioeconomic position from risk to survivorship

“…Men with manual occupations and lower education have been found to have a higher incidence of TC [22,46]. Various studies have shown an increased risk of TC with numerous occupations, including metal workers, agricultural workers, and equipment technicians [21,[42][43][44][45]77]. One study that examined chemical exposures reported an increased risk with fertilizers, phenols, and fumes [58].…”

Genetic basis of human testicular germ cell cancer: insights from the fruitfly and mouse

“…Predisposing factors include mutations in key susceptibility genes and the modulation of their expression by cis-acting elements. Genome reprogramming through epigenetic events (Surani 2001) and environmental stimuli (Pollan et al 2001;Andersson et al 2003;Ekbom et al 2003) are also likely to contribute to this process. However, the nature and extent of their involvement are difficult to demonstrate given the complex aetiology of TGCT.…”