Incidence of the Physiological Third Heart Sound

Aw, Sloan; Fw, Campbell; As, Henderson

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4789.853

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The logarithmic P.C.G. often shows low‐frequency phenomena, such as the third heart sound, in cases where it is inaudible to a number of observers (Sloan, Campbell and Henderson, 1952). On the other hand the phonocardiograph may fail to record a perfectly audible aortic diastolic murmur unless by logarithmic phonocardiography or on a high‐frequency band.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phonocardiograph

Sloan

1953

Int J Clinical Practice

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phonocardiograph

Sloan

1953

Int J Clinical Practice

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“…No linear records were made in this investigation since attachment of a heavy microphone directly to the heart was not considered practicable. A previous investigation on human subjects in which the sounds were recorded from the chest wall (Sloan, Campbell & Henderson, 1952) showed that the distortion introduced by a short length of stethoscope tubing is negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac extra sounds in the dog

Sloan¹,

Wishart²

1953

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Most authorities agree that the pathologic S3 is an exaggeration of the Phy S3 and that they have a common mechanism of production [5,10,13], With the resur gence of interest in the diastolic function of the heart in The physiologic third heart sound (Phy S3) is a benign physical finding commonly heard in children, adoles cents, and young adults [1][2][3][4], It is rarely found in the adult after age 40 and, when present, is often associated with a thin asthenic body habitus [4][5][6]. This sound as depicted in figure 1 is a low-frequency sound, follows the aortic closure sound by ms, and occurs during the past 10 years, the early diastolic filling characteristics of the left ventricle, as well as the genesis of the S3, have been investigated with renewed enthusiasm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of the Physiologic Third Heart Sound

Shaver¹,

Reddy²,

Alvares³

et al. 1987

Am J Noninvas Cardiol

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The early diastolic filling characteristics and pressure (as measured at the chest wall) were studied in 17 normal subjects with a physiologic third heart sound (Phy S(3)) and were compared in 13 normal subjects without this sound (controls; C). Simultaneous M-mode echocardiogram, apex phonocardiogram, calibrated apexcardiogram (ACG), and its first derivative were recorded. The maximum rate of change of ventricular dimension (max dD/dt) was derived by computer and normalized (max dD/dt/D). The Phy S(3) occurred during the early E-F slope of the mitral valve echocardiogram, followed max dD/dt, and was recorded between the O and F points of the calibrated ACG in all 17 subjects. In 14 of 17 subjects, the Phy S(3) was associated with an inflection on septum, posterior wall, or mitral valve apparatus. Compared to C, there was no significant difference in the subjects’ age, systolic or diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction, or diastolic time intervals. However, both pre-ejection period and the ratio preejection period/left ventricular ejection time were significantly shortened in subjects with the Phy S(3). There was no significant difference in any of the computer-derived indices of diastolic filling, including max dD/dt, max dD/dt/D, the interval from mitral valve opening to 20% max dD/dt, and the percent diastolic dimension change at the O point of the ACG. There was also no significant difference in any of the indices of mitral valve velocity. However, the maximal rate of change of pressure during the rapid filling wave of the calibrated ACG was markedly increased in the subjects with the Phy S3 compared to C (787 ± 296 vs. 296 ± 98 mm Hg/s; p < 0.001). These data are consistent with the thesis that the genesis of the Phy S(3) is due to the dynamic impact of the heart on the chest wall. The force of this impact and the resultant intensity of the Phy S(3) are determined by both chest wall configuration and motion of the heart within the thorax.

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Incidence of the Physiological Third Heart Sound

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

The Phonocardiograph

The Phonocardiograph

Cardiac extra sounds in the dog

Genesis of the Physiologic Third Heart Sound

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