Incidence of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophlius Steiner &amp; Buhrer, 1934 (Nickle, 1970) in Spain

Robertson, Lee; Arcos, Susana C.; Escuer, Miguel; Merino, R. Santiago; Espárrago, G.; Abelleira, A.; Navas, Andrés

doi:10.1163/138855411x578888

Cited by 152 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In 1999, PWN was reported for the first time in Europe, in Continental Portugal, associated with maritime pine, P. pinaster Ait. (Mota et al, 1999), ...... and in 2008 it was detected in Spain (EPPO, 2009;Abelleira et al, 2011;Robertson et al, 2011). In 2009, PWN was also detected on P. pinaster, in Madeira Island, near Funchal, by Direcção Regional de Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural (Laboratório de Qualidade Agrícola) and Direcção Regional de Florestas, under an annual survey (Portaria n.º 8/2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Madeira Island

et al. 2012

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The environmental conditions in Madeira Island are favorable for the presence and dissemination of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Five hundred Pinus pinaster wood samples were collected in several forest areas and PWN was detected in 22.8 % of the samples. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus isolates from Madeira Island displayed the species-specific diagnostic characters. A morphological variation in the female tail terminus was detected. In most females, the tail presented a broadly rounded terminus and, occasionally, a digitate terminus with a terminal nipple-like extension resembling a mucro. PCR ITS-RFLP analysis revealed that Madeira Island isolates exhibited patterns specific to the species B. xylophilus and similar to virulent isolates. Amplified ITS regions were further sequenced and no genetic diversity was found for this genomic region among 17 Portuguese isolates (Madeira Island and Continental Portugal). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Portuguese isolates grouped with isolates from China, Korea and one isolate from Japan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Madeira Island

et al. 2012

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“…In Europe, the PWN was first detected in continental Portugal in the maritime pine, P. pinaster (Mota et al, 1999). It has been found more recently in Madeira Island and Spain (Abelleira et al, 2011;Robertson et al, 2011) and represents an increasing threat to European forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of ITS sequences of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Cardoso

Fonseca²,

Abrantes³

2012

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. The sequence variation of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA has been routinely used for species identification and species-level phylogeny of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In this study, the intraspecies ITS genetic diversity of B. xylophilus was evaluated. Three pinewood nematode isolates from the United States, Japan, and Portugal were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ITS region amplification and sequencing. Multiple peaks were observed in sequencing chromatograms from ITS regions of American and Japanese isolates, suggesting the presence of more than one ribosomal sequence for each isolate. PCR products were further cloned and 10 clones of each isolate were subsequently sequenced. Additionally, the ITS regions of individual nematodes from each isolate were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Among the 3 B. xylophilus isolates analyzed, an intraspecific and intra-isolate molecular variability was found. The intra-isolate ITS molecular diversity in the American isolate was higher than that in the Japanese and Portuguese isolates. However, the level of sequence variation observed within isolates was about the same as that described among ITS repeats within individuals.

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“…Despite efforts implemented by the Portuguese authorities to control this quarantine nematode, by 2008 new areas of the disease were established in other regions of the country (Rodrigues, 2008), and, more recently, PWN was detected on Madeira, 1000 km south west of continental Portugal (Fonseca et al, 2010). Recently, it has also been detected in Spain Robertson et al, 2011). Therefore, it is of major importance to determine the origin of the new isolates and their spread routes to prevent further dissemination of the disease across Europe.…”

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confidence: 99%

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Portugal: possible introductions and spread routes of a serious biological invasion revealed by molecular methods

Valadas

Laranjo

Barbosa

et al. 2012

Nematol

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The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), is a major world-wide pathogen and pest of pine, with impacts on forest health, natural ecosystem stability and international trade. In Portugal, PWN was first diagnosed in 1999, the first occurrence also for Europe. The disease was recently detected on the island of Madeira and in northern Spain. In an attempt to search for more reliable and robust molecular markers that enable the study of intraspecific variability of B. xylophilus from different geographic locations, the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the 5S rRNA gene and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis were used to determine the genetic relationships among 43 B. xylophilus isolates from Portugal, China, Japan, South Korea and USA. IGS sequence analysis showed that this region can only be used to establish interspecific relationships, since no differences were detected among Portuguese isolates from different geographic locations. Fingerprints obtained with ISSR show high genetic variability among Portuguese isolates, except for the ones obtained prior to 2008. The ISSR dendrogram suggests the spread of the disease inside continental Portugal and to Madeira. Until 2008, B. xylophilus populations found in continental Portugal showed low genetic diversity, pointing to a single introduction, probably from Asia, whereas recent populations from continental Portugal (2009-2010) and Madeira show high genetic diversity, suggesting multiple introductions from different origins.

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Incidence of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophlius Steiner & Buhrer, 1934 (Nickle, 1970) in Spain

Cited by 152 publications

References 2 publications

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Madeira Island

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Madeira Island

Genetic diversity of ITS sequences of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Portugal: possible introductions and spread routes of a serious biological invasion revealed by molecular methods

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