Incidence of Various Types of Cardiovascular Diseases by age Group in the Male and in the Female†

Grundy, Scott M.; Jett, James D.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1959.tb00577.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Additionally, this correlation was not significant when males were considered separately. This is interesting in light of the fact that clinical and epidemiological studies strongly indicate that the prevalence is greater and the outcome is poorer for cardio- and cerebro-vascular disorders in males (Grundy and Jett, 1959 ; Plavinskaia and Shestov, 1991 ; Kameneva et al, 2003 ; Khaksari et al, 2005 ; Moran et al, 2008 ). Although gender differences have already been reported in previous studies, the magnitude of these differences in our results suggest that future investigations need to be carried out in order to afford a better understanding of their fundamental basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score Can be Predicted from Structural Brain Images in Elderly Subjects

Rondina

Squarzoni

Duran

et al. 2014

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Recent literature has presented evidence that cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) play an important role on cognitive performance in elderly individuals, both those who are asymptomatic and those who suffer from symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders. Findings from studies applying neuroimaging methods have increasingly reinforced such notion. Studies addressing the impact of CVRF on brain anatomy changes have gained increasing importance, as recent papers have reported gray matter loss predominantly in regions traditionally affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia in the presence of a high degree of cardiovascular risk. In the present paper, we explore the association between CVRF and brain changes using pattern recognition techniques applied to structural MRI and the Framingham score (a composite measure of cardiovascular risk largely used in epidemiological studies) in a sample of healthy elderly individuals. We aim to answer the following questions: is it possible to decode (i.e., to learn information regarding cardiovascular risk from structural brain images) enabling individual predictions? Among clinical measures comprising the Framingham score, are there particular risk factors that stand as more predictable from patterns of brain changes? Our main findings are threefold: (i) we verified that structural changes in spatially distributed patterns in the brain enable statistically significant prediction of Framingham scores. This result is still significant when controlling for the presence of the APOE 4 allele (an important genetic risk factor for both AD and cardiovascular disease). (ii) When considering each risk factor singly, we found different levels of correlation between real and predicted factors; however, single factors were not significantly predictable from brain images when considering APOE4 allele presence as covariate. (iii) We found important gender differences, and the possible causes of that finding are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score Can be Predicted from Structural Brain Images in Elderly Subjects

Rondina

Squarzoni

Duran

et al. 2014

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…The apparent increased incidence of atherosclerotic coronary disease in the male as compared to the female has been a subject of much interest (2). However, substantial disagreement exists as to the exact incidence of this disorder in the two sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Age and Sex Incidence of Various Diseases Resulting From Atherosclerosis

Jett

Grundy

1960

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…Since it seems established that the incidence of cornary disease is several times greater among men than among women under 40 years of age (2, 16–19), one would expect the cholesterol level to be correspondingly higher among the male sex. There is no evidence of this.…”

Section: Inconsistencies In the Cholesterol‐coronary Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of the Serum Cholesterol Level as a Diagnostic Index of Cardiovascular Status

Talbott

1961

J American Geriatrics Society

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Incidence of Various Types of Cardiovascular Diseases by age Group in the Male and in the Female†

Cited by 4 publications

References 83 publications

Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score Can be Predicted from Structural Brain Images in Elderly Subjects

Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score Can be Predicted from Structural Brain Images in Elderly Subjects

Studies on Age and Sex Incidence of Various Diseases Resulting From Atherosclerosis

Limitations of the Serum Cholesterol Level as a Diagnostic Index of Cardiovascular Status

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