Incidence rate of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on conventional and organic Canadian dairy farms

Levison, Lena; Miller-Cushon, E.K.; Tucker, Anita L.; Bergeron, Renée; Leslie, K.E.; Barkema, Herman W.; DeVries, T.J.

doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9809

Cited by 113 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, Staph. aureus was isolated from 10% of samples collected from 56% of studied herds, similar to results of CM studies conducted in Canada (Olde Riekerink et al, 2008;Levison et al, 2016), lower than reported in a Swedish study (Ericsson-Unnerstad et al, 2009), but higher than other CM studies (McDougall, 1999;Bradley et al, 2007;Oliveira et al, 2013). A high prevalence of Staph.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Incidence of clinical mastitis and distribution of pathogens on large Chinese dairy farms

Gao

Barkema

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

181

133

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Knowledge of the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM) and the distribution of pathogens involved is essential for development of prevention and control programs as well as treatment protocols. No country-wide study on the incidence of CM and the distribution of pathogens involved has been conducted in China. Core objectives of this study were, therefore, to determine the cumulative incidence of CM and the distribution of pathogens causing CM on large Chinese (>500 cows) dairy farms. In addition, associations between the distribution of CM pathogens and bedding materials and seasonal factors were also investigated. Bacterial culture was done on a total of 3,288 CM quarter milk samples from 161 dairy herds (located in 21 provinces) between March 2014 and September 2016. Additional data, including geographical region of herds, herd size, bedding types, and number of CM cases during the last month, were also recorded. Mean cumulative incidence of CM was 3.3 cases per 100 cows per month (range = 1.7 to 8.1). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (14.4%), Klebsiella spp. (13.0%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (11.3%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (10.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.2%). Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from 2.8% of CM samples, whereas Streptococcus uberis were isolated from 2.1% of samples, and 15.8% of 3,288 samples were culture-negative. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, E. coli, and other Enterobacter spp. were more frequently isolated in the northwest than the northeast or south of China. Streptococcus dysgalactiae, other streptococci, and Strep. agalactiae were more frequently isolated in winter (October-March), whereas E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were mostly isolated in summer (April-September). Streptococcus dysgalactiae was more often isolated from CM cases of herds using sand bedding, whereas Klebsiella spp. and other streptococci were more common in herds using organic bedding. The incidence of CM and distribution of pathogens differed among herds and better mastitis management is needed. Furthermore, geography, bedding materials, and season should be included when designing mastitis control and prevention schemes for Chinese dairies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Incidence of clinical mastitis and distribution of pathogens on large Chinese dairy farms

Gao

Barkema

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

181

133

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“…aureus being smaller for cows in organic than in conventional herds. Levison et al (2016) made a similar observation on Canadian dairy farms. This phenomenon is difficult to explain by factors other than the more intensive culling of cows with Staph.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…An indication of this was evident in our data, in which mastitis as a cause of culling was recorded for 24% of cases in conventional herds and for 31% of cases in organic herds (data not shown). Levison et al (2016) also concluded that organic management is generally associated with reduced incidence of clinical mastitis. Our results do not support this conclusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The most common causes of clinical mastitis are the major pathogens Escherichia coli (Bradley et al, 2007;Olde Riekerink et al, 2008;Breen et al, 2009), Staphylococcus aureus (Barkema et al, 1999;Reksen et al, 2006;Olde Riekerink et al, 2008), and streptococcal species, especially Streptococcus uberis (McDougall, 1998;Koivula et al, 2007;Olde Riekerink et al, 2008;Levison et al, 2016). Coagulase-negative staphylococci also cause clinical mastitis (Koivula et al, 2007;Olde Riekerink et al, 2008;Levison et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dysgalactiae, and CNS (Zadoks et al, 2001;Breen et al, 2009;Ericsson Unnerstad et al, 2009;Sampimon et al, 2009). Management-related herd factors, such as milking technique, production type, nutrition, and hygiene standards, were associated with differences in distributions of mastitis-causing bacteria in the herds (Barkema et al, 1999;Dufour et al, 2011;Piepers et al, 2011;Levison et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with intramammary infection in dairy cows caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, or Escherichia coli

Taponen

Liski

Heikkilä

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

104

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The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for bovine intramammary infection (IMI) associated with the most common bacterial species in Finland. Large databases of the Finnish milk-recording system and results of microbiological analyses of mastitic milk samples from Valio Ltd. (Helsinki, Finland) were analyzed. The study group comprised 29,969 cows with IMI from 4,173 dairy herds. A cow with a quarter milk sample in which DNA of target species was detected in the PathoProof Mastitis PCR Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) was determined to have IMI. Only cows with IMI caused by the 6 most common pathogens or groups of pathogens, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, and Escherichia coli, were included. The control group comprised 160,176 IMI-free cows from the same herds as the study group. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to study herd-and cow-specific risk factors for incidence of IMI. Pathogen-specific results confirmed those of earlier studies, specifically that increasing parity increases prevalence of IMI regardless of causative pathogen. Holsteins were more susceptible to IMI than Nordic Reds except when the causative pathogen was CNS. Occurrence of IMI caused by C. bovis was not related to milk yield, in contrast to IMI caused by all other pathogens investigated. Organic milk production was associated with IMI only when the causative pathogen of IMI was Staph. aureus; Staph. aureus IMI was more likely to occur in conventional than in organic production. Cows in older freestall barns with parlor milking had an increased probability of contracting an IMI compared with cows in tiestall barns or in new freestall barns with automatic milking. This was the case for all IMI, except those caused by CNS, the prevalence of which was not associated with the milking system, and IMI caused by Staph. aureus, which was most common in cows housed in tiestall barns. A better breeding index for milk somatic cell count was associated with decreased occurrence of IMI, indicating that breeding for improved udder health has been successful in reducing the incidence of IMI caused by the most common pathogens in Finland. In the Finnish dairy sector, the importance of other measures to control IMI will increase as the Holstein breed progressively takes the place of the Nordic Red breed. Attention should be paid to hygiene and cleanliness, especially in old freestall barns. Based on our results, the increasing prevalence of automatic milking is not a reason for special concern.

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Performance of the StaphGoldELISA test in determining subclinicalStaphylococcus aureusinfections in dairy cows using a Gaussian mixture model

Yang

Laven

2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background A novel ELISA test has been developed to detect antigen‐specific IgG in early and late lactation cows in New Zealand. Objectives This study was to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the ELISA based on the detection of S. aureus‐specific IgG as a screening test. Methods The ELISA was used for the composite milk samples taken during routine herd testing in 2018–2019 milking season in New Zealand. In the absence of a gold standard test, the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity was estimated using a Gaussian mixture model. Results The ELISA test had a high accuracy (AUC = 0.98) to detect antigen‐specific IgG in early and late lactation cows with high somatic cell count due to either subsequent to or contemporaneous with the S. aureus invasion. Using an S/P ratio = 0.3 as the cut‐off value, the ELISA test has sensitivity of 0.9 and specificity of 0.95, while the sensitivity increased to 0.94 at a cost of a decreased specificity of 0.9 at a lower cut‐off value 0.26. Conclusions The integration of the ELISA test as a screening tool into specific control programs may be useful to reduce the spread of S. aureus infections, to aid with treatment decisions, and to establish a correct milking order.

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Incidence rate of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on conventional and organic Canadian dairy farms

Cited by 113 publications

References 40 publications

Incidence of clinical mastitis and distribution of pathogens on large Chinese dairy farms

Incidence of clinical mastitis and distribution of pathogens on large Chinese dairy farms

Factors associated with intramammary infection in dairy cows caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, or Escherichia coli

Performance of the StaphGoldELISA test in determining subclinicalStaphylococcus aureusinfections in dairy cows using a Gaussian mixture model

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