Incidence, Surgical Treatment, and Prognosis of Anorectal Melanoma From 1973 to 2011

Chen, Haiyan; Cai, Yong; Liu, Yue; He, Jinjie; Hu, Yeting; Xiao, Qian; Hu, Wangxiong; Ding, Kefeng

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000002770

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It was first reported by Moore DW in 1857 [7] , since then to best of our knowledge only 640 cases of anorectal melanomas have been reported in the literature of which 375 cases were anal melanoma. [6] Due to its relative rarity, it is difficult to determine the exact Incidence of the disease [2] , Incidence rate of anorectal melanoma is about 2.7 per million per year in the United States. [8] It accounts for 1% of all melanomas and 0.5-2% of all melanomas arise in the anorectal region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Misdiagnosed Case of Anal Canal Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report

Jaiswal¹,

Payagude²

2016

AIMDR

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Anal canal malignant melanoma is an uncommon malignancy. It is a highly aggressive tumor that tends to spread early in the course and present with distant metastasis. Due to the rarity of the condition, treatment is yet to be standardized. We report a case of a 47-y ear-old male patient who presented with the history of mass coming out of anus for 6 months, which was misdiagnosed as a case of hemorrhoids. Abdominoperineal resection was done based on tissue biopsy which suggested it to be a primary anal canal malignant melanoma. The diagnosis was later confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies, which was strongly positive for HMB 45 AND Melan-A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] To the best of our knowledge, till date only 640 cases have been reported in the literature. [6] A non-specific presenting symptom of anal melanoma makes early diagnosis difficult. Early diagnosis is crucial so that treatment can be standardized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Misdiagnosed Case of Anal Canal Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report

Jaiswal¹,

Payagude²

2016

AIMDR

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“…1,2 The incidence of primary anorectal melanoma is continuously increasing over time. 3 It arises from melanocytes, which are cells derived from the embryologic neural crest and reside primarily in the skin, but can also be found in the eyes and mucosal surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Recently, some authors suggested the initial treatment of choice to be WLE, because more radical approaches did not show any survival advantage and conservative surgery also avoid the need for a permanent colostomy. 24 On the other side, local disease appears to be more effectively controlled with APR.…”

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confidence: 99%

Primary anorectal melanoma: a case of 5 year disease-free survival

2017

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Anorectal melanoma is a rare cause of anorectal malignancies affecting mainly elderly people without significant gender differences, although there seems to be a white predominance. Diagnosis is often challenging, since symptoms are frequently nonspecific. Radical surgery is the mainstay of treatment, while adjuvant therapies are generally of limited value. Thus, prognosis is still grim, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%. We report the case of a 75-year-old white female presenting with mild anal pain and blood in stools. Diagnosed with an ulcerated melanoma of the perianal area, she eventually underwent an abdominoperineal resection and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. To date, she is currently alive and disease-free. Given the lack of adequate international guidelines, we recommend defining a tailored treatment by thorough multidisciplinary discussion, as well as taking into account the patient personal preference.

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“…Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors (1,2); it is most commonly localized in the skin but can occur at any site where melanocytes exist (3). Gastrointestinal melanoma (GM) is a rare type of malignant melanoma arising in the gastrointestinal tract (4)(5)(6). We have previously reported that GM shows more aggressive features than those of skin melanoma (SM), such as a high mitotic rate and frequent metastases to lymph nodes and distant organs (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PD‑L1 expression in malignant melanomas of the skin and gastrointestinal tract

et al. 2020

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Gastrointestinal melanoma (GM) is a rare but aggressive type of malignant melanoma arising in the gastrointestinal tract. An anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody markedly improves prognosis in patients with melanoma. However, little is known regarding the expression of immune-oncology biomarkers in GM compared with skin melanoma (SM), especially in the Asian population. the present study examined clinicopathological characteristics, PD-L1 and HLA expression, and immune-oncology marker expression in 10 cases of GM and 31 cases of SM. Patients with GM exhibited significantly higher incidences of lymph node and distant metastases than patients with SM (P=0.0448 and P=0.0247, respectively). The infiltration of CD8 + lymphocytes was significantly higher in GM than in SM (P=0.0231). The infiltration of PD-1 + lymphocytes was higher in GM than in SM, but the difference was not significant (P=0.0975). PD-L1-positive melanoma exhibited a higher proportion of BRAF V600E-positive melanoma than PD-L1-negative melanoma (P=0.0317; 39.4 and 0%, respectively). PD-L1-positive melanoma exhibited significantly higher rates of CD8 + and FOXp3 + lymphocyte infiltration than PD-L1-negative melanoma (P=0.0221 and P=0.0463, respectively). By contrast, PD-1 + lymphocytes did not differ between PD-L1-positive and-negative cases. Furthermore, HLA-positive melanoma exhibited higher proportions of PD-1 (P=0.0101; 53.7 and 15.4%) and CD8 than HLA-negative melanoma (P= 0.0818; 66.7 and 38.2%). These results provided useful information regarding tumor immunity in GM and SM and may contribute to the development of treatment strategies for GM.

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Incidence, Surgical Treatment, and Prognosis of Anorectal Melanoma From 1973 to 2011

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

A Misdiagnosed Case of Anal Canal Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report

A Misdiagnosed Case of Anal Canal Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report

Primary anorectal melanoma: a case of 5 year disease-free survival

PD‑L1 expression in malignant melanomas of the skin and gastrointestinal tract

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