Incidence trends of melanoma of the skin compared with other localisations, in the Norwegian population, 1956–2005

Franco-Lie, Isabel; Iversen, T.; Robsahm, Trude Eid; Abdelnoor, Michael

doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq598

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Data suggest more favorable incidence trends in some countries while in others the incidence of CM is still rising [14][15][16][17][18][19] . Recent evidence suggests that the current rising trend in incidence of CM is due to improved surveillance techniques and early diagnosis, together with changes in lifestyle in terms of excessive recreational exposure to sunlight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant melanoma in the Czech Republic: Incidence and mortality according to sex, age and disease stage

Vranová¹,

Arenbergerová²,

Arenberger³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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Background. The Czech Republic has reported one of the highest incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in Europe and the rate continues to rise. Our study undertook a detailed investigation of the incidence and mortality of melanoma relative to sex, age and disease stage. The main goals were to elucidate the causes of the rising trends and explain the differences in development relative to sex, age and disease stage. Methods and Results. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) using the Joinpoint Regression Model was calculated separately for men and women for all age categories and for all T stages of TNM classification. The EAPC for women was slightly higher than for men. This was only found in melanomas thinner than 1 mm (T1). For all other stages (T2, T3 and T4) the situation was worse in men. A higher incidence rate of CM and the higher value of EAPC were found for women in younger age categories (up to 49 years). In the next age category, from 50 to 59 years, the incidence of CM was comparable in both sexes as well as the EAPC. In the older age categories, i.e. 60 years and older, a significant increase was found predominantly in men. The mortality rates were only comparable between men and women in the 20 to 29 year age group. In all other categories there was a higher mortality for men. Conclusions. The number of melanoma cases in the Czech Republic is increasing faster than any other cancer. Despite improved survival rates, the death rate from CM continues to climb as a result of exponential increases in incidence. Thus primary and secondary prevention campaigns are essential for future reductions in CM incidence and mortality in the Czech Republic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malignant melanoma in the Czech Republic: Incidence and mortality according to sex, age and disease stage

Vranová¹,

Arenbergerová²,

Arenberger³

et al. 2014

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

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“…Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy (>90%) and the leading cause of death from intraocular cancer. 144,145 The reported annual incidence varies from 0.53 to 1.09 cases per 100 000 population, and is stable or decreasing. 144,145 Uveal melanoma is primarily a disease of white populations; light-coloured irises, blond hair, and fair skin are risk factors.…”

Section: Ocular Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…144,145 The reported annual incidence varies from 0.53 to 1.09 cases per 100 000 population, and is stable or decreasing. 144,145 Uveal melanoma is primarily a disease of white populations; light-coloured irises, blond hair, and fair skin are risk factors. 146 There is mixed evidence implicating UV radiation as a risk factor for uveal melanoma: latitudinal variation in incidence is not consistently found; 145 occupational exposure to UV radiation may have a protective effect, but intermittent exposure may increase risk (reviewed in Mallet et al 146 ).…”

Section: Ocular Malignanciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors

Lucas

Norval

Neale

et al. 2014

Photochem Photobiol Sci

139

101

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Due to the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, which has limited, and is now probably reversing, the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, only modest increases in solar UV-B radiation at the surface of the Earth have occurred. For many fair-skinned populations, changing behaviour with regard to exposure to the sun over the past half century - more time in the sun, less clothing cover (more skin exposed), and preference for a tan - has probably contributed more to greater levels of exposure to UV-B radiation than ozone depletion. Exposure to UV-B radiation has both adverse and beneficial effects on human health. This report focuses on an assessment of the evidence regarding these outcomes that has been published since our previous report in 2010. The skin and eyes are the organs exposed to solar UV radiation. Excessive solar irradiation causes skin cancer, including cutaneous malignant melanoma and the non-melanoma skin cancers, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and contributes to the development of other rare skin cancers such as Merkel cell carcinoma. Although the incidence of melanoma continues to increase in many countries, in some locations, primarily those with strong sun protection programmes, incidence has stabilised or decreased over the past 5 years, particularly in younger age-groups. However, the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers is still increasing in most locations. Exposure of the skin to the sun also induces systemic immune suppression that may have adverse effects on health, such as through the reactivation of latent viral infections, but also beneficial effects through suppression of autoimmune reactivity. Solar UV-B radiation damages the eyes, causing cataracts and pterygium. UV-B irradiation of the skin is the main source of vitamin D in many geographic locations. Vitamin D plays a critical role in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis in the body; severe deficiency causes the bone diseases, rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Although many studies have implicated vitamin D deficiency in a wide range of diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, more recent evidence is less compelling, with meta-analyses of supplementation trials failing to show a beneficial effect on the health outcomes that have been tested. It continues to be difficult to provide public health messages to guide safe exposure to the sun that are accurate, simple, and can be used by people with different skin types, in different locations, and for different times of the year or day. There is increasing interest in relating sun protection messages to the UV Index. Current sun protection strategies are outlined and assessed. Climatic factors affect the amount of UV radiation received by the skin and eyes, separately from the effect of ozone depletion. For example, cloud cover can decrease or increase the intensity of UV radiation at Earth's surface and warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns may alter the amount of time people spend outdoors and their choi...

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“…1 Melanomas on the head and neck are twice as common in men and occur more frequently in older patients, and the 5-year survival has been reported to range from 20 to 90%. 2,6-8…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Melanomas on the head and neck are twice as common in men and occur more frequently in older patients, and the 5-year survival has been reported to range from 20 to 90%. 2,[6][7][8] Many patient and tumor characteristics have been identified as prognostic factors, including age at diagnosis, sex, Breslow depth, ulceration, and stage. [7][8][9] In addition, melanoma primary site is clinically important for CMM prognosis; however, controversy remains whether head and neck melanoma (HNM) has a worse prognosis when compared with melanoma of other regions (MOR).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The National Cancer Database: Survival Between Head and Neck Melanoma and Melanoma of Other Regions

Cabrera

Conic

et al. 2021

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective Primary site is considered an important prognostic factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM); however, opinions vary regarding its influence on survival. This study compares overall survival between head and neck melanoma (HNM) and melanoma of other regions (MOR), as well as between melanoma of the scalp and neck (MSN) and melanoma of other head regions (MOHR). Study Design Level III retrospective cohort study. Setting Patients from Commission on Cancer–accredited cancer programs affiliated to the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods Patients with HNM (MSN and MOHR included) and MOR, stages I to IV (n = 39,754), and their linked survival data using the NCDB were identified. Survival was analyzed using propensity score matching methods. Results After matching using propensity scores, allowing this observational study to mimic a randomized controlled trial, subjects with HNM showed a 22% increased mortality when compared to MOR ( P < .01). Among those with HNM, hazard was not proportional over time. Overall, subjects with MSN in the first 3.5 years of follow-up (75% of subjects) showed a 15% increased mortality when compared to MOHR ( P < .01); however, after 3.5 years, no difference in survival was noted ( P = .5). Conclusion Patients with HNM showed a higher mortality when compared to MOR. The risk of death of primary sites within the head and neck varies over time, showing a higher risk of mortality for scalp and neck during the first 3.5 years of follow-up. This increased risk was not evident after the 3.5-year threshold. Further research is needed to evaluate additional patient factors or differences in treatment approaches.

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Incidence trends of melanoma of the skin compared with other localisations, in the Norwegian population, 1956–2005

Abstract: A wide variation in IRs and trends between the four anatomical localisations with unlike levels of UVR exposure suggests different causal pathways for melanoma.

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Malignant melanoma in the Czech Republic: Incidence and mortality according to sex, age and disease stage

Malignant melanoma in the Czech Republic: Incidence and mortality according to sex, age and disease stage

The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors

The National Cancer Database: Survival Between Head and Neck Melanoma and Melanoma of Other Regions

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