Incidences and progression of tomato chlorosis virus disease and tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease in tomato under different greenhouse covers in southeast Spain

Abstract

Epidemics of whitefly-transmitted Tomato chlorosis virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus have been present in the south east of Spain since the 1990s. A survey was performed in 40 greenhouses and nethouses during 2003 to establish the relationship between the disease incidence and the quality of greenhouse or nethouse coverings, providing a physical protection of crops against whiteflies. For tomato chlorosis virus disease (ToCD), the incidence correlated with the type of greenhouse cover and was most reduced under higher quality covers. Control of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) was achieved only for crops grown in the highest quality greenhouses. TYLCD incidence in tolerant tomatoes remained below 100% within the 5 months of sampling, despite the disease progress rate at the initial stage of the cultivation being higher than that of ToCD, which did reach 100% incidence in many greenhouses. Linear regression analysis showed that the development of ToCD and TYLCD in most of the greenhouses was best described by the monomolecular model and the Gompertz model, respectively. Tomato infectious chlorosis virus was not detected in parallel surveys carried out during this study, although it has been described previously in the area studied.

The Influence of Crop Habitat and Control Strategies on Pepper Viruses in Andalusia (Spain)

“…These primers produce an amplicon of the expected size (475 bp) [14]. ToCV was detected with the primers 5 -TTTGTTCCTCTTTGGGTTTC-3 and 5 -ATGGGTTTTCTGATGATAAT-3 , designed to amplify a 708-bp fragment from the ToCV genome [9]. The PCR conditions to generate PMoV and ToCV amplicons were 95 • C for 3 min, 35 cycles of denaturation for 20 s at 95 • C, annealing for 30 s at 55 • C and extension for 40 s at 72 • C followed by one final extension cycle for 8 min at 72 • C.…”

“…Modern horticulture is performed in highly intensive farming systems, but often production suffers heavy losses from arthropod pests and diseases [7], and in the case of pepper, these losses are due to disease caused by plant viruses. Some of these viruses are contact and seed-transmitted, including Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV, [8]), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV, [9]) and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV, [10]), and some are aphid transmitted, including Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, [11]) and Potato virus Y (PVY, [11]), and have been present in the region and crop species for many decades. Others are considered emerging viruses and include the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis-transmitted Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV, [12]), Bemisia tabaci-transmitted Tomato chlorosis crinivirus (ToCV, [13]) and the pollen-transmitted Parietaria mottle ilarvirus (PMoV, [14,15]).…”

Detección de crinivirus y begomovirus en plántulas de tomate y arvenses asociadas a semilleros

“…Infecciones mixtas entre el ToCV y begomovirus detectadas en cultivos de tomate, con frecuencia provocan daños más severos y por ende mayores pérdidas en la producción (Martínez-Zubiaur et al, 2008;Velasco et al, 2008). De la misma forma, diferentes especies de begomovirus se han encontrado infectando la misma planta, debido a hospedantes en común (Ala-Poikela et al, 2005;García-Andrés et al, 2007).…”

Accurate and sensitive diagnosis of geminiviruses through enrichment, high-throughput sequencing and automated sequence identification

“…Although DNA viruses, and geminiviruses in particular, have been identified as plant pathogens for many years [2,3], with the advent of modern growing practices, they have become more economically significant, particularly to vegetable growers [4,5]. The most effective preventative measures for geminiviruses include using resistant plant varieties [6,7] and methods that reduce the abundance or effectiveness of the insect vectors, such as insecticides, host-free periods [8], reflective mulches [9] and plastic coverings [10]. However, there is no practical way to cure infected plants.…”