Incident pregnancy rates in HIV infected and HIV uninfected at-risk adolescents

Levin, Linda; Henry-Reid, Lisa; Murphy, Debra A.; Peralta, Lígia; Sarr, Moussa; Ma, Yong; Rogers, Audrey Smith

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00281-6

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…20 As expected, we found a higher pregnancy risk among women younger than 30, consistent to that reported by Levin et al (2004) in a study of adolescents in the US. 12 In fact, younger age proved to be a strong pregnancy predictor, which is corroborated in other studies. 4,5,7,8,13,16 Marital stability was also signifi cantly associated with pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Pregnancy rates and predictors in women with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE:To assess incidence and predictors of fi rst pregnancy among women with HIV/AIDS. METHODS:Prospective cohort study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, between 1996 and2003. This study comprised 225 women with HIV/AIDS followed up until their fi rst pregnancy or fi rst censored event (hysterectomy, tubal ligation, menopause, 50 years of age, loss to follow-up, death or the end of December 2003). Pregnancy and abortion rates were estimated, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify baseline characteristics associated with pregnancy risk. RESULTS:The women were followed up for 565 person/years with a median follow-up of 3 years per women. The mean age was 32 years (SD: 7), and 54.7% were white. There were 60 pregnancies in 39 women, and 18 were terminated (induced abortions), accounting for a rate of 6.9% and 2.1% women/ year, respectively. Repeated pregnancies occurred in 33.3% of the women (13/39). Higher pregnancy risk was seen among younger women (HR=3.42; 95%CI: 1.69;6.95) and those living with their partners (HR=1.89; 95%CI: 1.00;3.57). Lower pregnancy risk was associated with higher education level (HR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.19;0.99) and use of antiretroviral therapy (HR=061; 95%CI: 0.31;1.17). CONCLUSIONS:Lower pregnancy rates were found in our cohort than in the general population. Sociodemographic characteristics should be taken into consideration in the management of reproductive health in HIV-positive childbearing age women. Reproductive and family planning counseling must be incorporated into HIV/AIDS programs for women to help preventing HIV transmission to their partners and offspring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Pregnancy rates and predictors in women with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

et al. 2011

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“…[13][14][15] In one study, the pregnancy rate for HIV-infected teens who had become infected behaviorally (e.g., through sexual behaviors or intravenous drug use, as opposed to perinatally through their mother) was five times that of adolescents nationally, a finding likely related to many of those teens' history of unprotected sex and other high-risk behaviors. 16 Many also discover their HIV infection through their pregnancy consultations, due to widespread prenatal screening for HIV.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Reproductive Health Behaviors of HIV-Infected Young Women in the United States: A Literature Review

Carter

Kraft²,

Hatfield-Timajchy³

et al. 2013

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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HIV-infected young women in the United States have important reproductive health needs that are made more complex by their HIV status. We searched Pubmed and relevant bibliographies to identify 32 articles published from 2001 to July 2012 that described the prevalence, correlates, and characteristics of the sexual activity, relationships, pregnancy intentions, HIV status disclosure, and contraceptive and condom use among US HIV-infected adolescents and young women. Our synthesis of those articles found that, like youth not infected with HIV, substantial proportions of HIV-infected youth were sexually active, and most sought romantic or sexual relationships, though their serostatus may have affected the pace of physical and emotional intimacy. Disclosure was difficult, and large proportions of HIV-infected youth had not disclosed their serostatus to recent partners. A few studies suggest that most HIV-infected young women hoped to have children in the future, but many wanted to avoid pregnancy until later. Only one study described contraceptive use among this population in detail and found that condoms were a primary method of contraception. The results point to substantial gaps in published research, particularly in the areas of pregnancy intentions and contraceptive use. Much more needs to be done in research and health services to better understand and meet the complex health needs of HIV-infected young women.

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“…Among HIV infected adolescents, significant predictors of incident pregnancy were older age (P = 0.01) and not using hormonal contraception (P = 0.00), whereas increased spiritual hope and passive problem-solving capacity were protective against pregnancy (P = 0.02 and 0.05, respectively).'' 49 Similarly, perinatally HIV-infected adolescent women are also at risk for intentional and unintentional pregnancies. A longitudinal study of HIV perinatally infected females of 13 years and older revealed a first pregnancy rate of 18.8/1000 person-years, however, lower than the rates of pregnancy for non-HIV infected adolescents.…”

Section: Contraceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Care of the Adolescent With HIV

Henry-Reid

Martinez²

2008

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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The obstetrician/gynecologists may be responsible for the primary reproductive healthcare, prenatal care and pregnancy options counseling of the adolescent with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Important knowledge includes the stages of HIV infection, biologic and behavioral risk factors for HIV acquisition in youth, HIV counseling and testing procedures, and the reproductive healthcare issues in HIV-positive adolescents.

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Incident pregnancy rates in HIV infected and HIV uninfected at-risk adolescents

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Pregnancy rates and predictors in women with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

Pregnancy rates and predictors in women with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil

The Reproductive Health Behaviors of HIV-Infected Young Women in the United States: A Literature Review

Care of the Adolescent With HIV

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