Incidental Findings and How to Manage Them: Testis— A WFUMB Position Paper

Lewicki, A.; Freeman, Simon; Jędrzejczyk, Maciej; Dobruch, Jakub; Ye, Dong; Bertolotto, Michele; Dietrich, Christoph F.

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.05.022

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…So, the true frequency of subcentimeter testicular tumours in that population was probably much higher. In light of the ever-growing clinical use of scrotal sonography in urologic practice and its ongoing technical refinements [ 8 , 9 , 34 , 35 ], the relative frequency of subcentimeter testicular tumours is probably in the range of 10% or more in contemporary series. This figure clearly underscores the clinical relevance of managing incidentally detected small testicular lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testicular Neoplasms: Primary Tumour Size Is Closely Interrelated with Histology, Clinical Staging, and Tumour Marker Expression Rates—A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis

Dieckmann

Isbarn

Grobelny

et al. 2022

Cancers

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The role of primary tumour size (TS) in the clinical course of testicular tumours is incompletely understood. We retrospectively evaluated 641 consecutive patients with testicular neoplasms with regard to TS, histology, clinical stage (CS), serum tumour marker (STM) expression and patient age using descriptive statistical methods. TS ≤ 10 mm was encountered in 13.6% of cases. Median TS of 10 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, and 53 mm were found in benign tumours, seminomas, nonseminomas, and other malignant tumours, respectively. In cases with TS ≤ 10 mm, 50.6% had benign tumours. Upon receiver operating characteristics analysis, TS of > 16 mm revealed 81.5% sensitivity and 81.0% specificity for detecting malignancy. In subcentimeter germ cell tumours (GCTs), 97.7% of cases had CS1, and CS1 frequency dropped with increasing TS. Expression rates of all STMs significantly increased with TS. MicroRNA-371a-3p (M371) serum levels had higher expression rates than classical STMs, with a rate of 44.1% in subcentimeter GCTs. In all, TS is a biologically relevant factor owing to its significant associations with CS, STM expression rates and histology. Importantly, 50% of subcentimeter testicular neoplasms are of benign nature, and M371 outperforms the classical markers even in subcentimeter tumours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practical terms, conservative surgery using intraoperative frozen section examination appears to be appropriate in small testicular masses, since malignancy can principally be encountered among the incidentally detected lesions. Surveillance could be a solution in the very small masses (<5 mm) [ 9 , 35 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Neoplasms: Primary Tumour Size Is Closely Interrelated with Histology, Clinical Staging, and Tumour Marker Expression Rates—A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis

Dieckmann

Isbarn

Grobelny

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…IFs on imaging studies are asymptomatic and unexpected pathologies, unrelated to the presenting illness. They often necessitate further imaging or diagnostic work-ups which entail both a psychological and an economic burden for the patient and the healthcare system [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications titled “Incidental imaging findings—the role of ultrasound” [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Each WFUMB position paper on IFs will follow the same template and, accordingly, will be uniformly structured to help readers interpret the key messages [ 7 ], will discuss the prevalence and imaging features of hepatic incidental finding in pediatric patients and will discuss strategies for work- and follow-up.…”

Section: Introduction and Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients: How to Manage Liver Incidentaloma in Pediatric Patients

Čekuolis

Schreiber-Dietrich

Augustinienė

et al. 2023

Cancers

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The World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) is addressing the issue of incidental findings (IFs) with a series of publications entitled “Incidental imaging findings—the role of ultrasound”. IFs in the liver of newborns and children are rare and much less commonly encountered than in adults; as a result, they are relatively much more frequently malignant and life-threatening, even when they are of benign histology. Conventional B-mode ultrasound is the well-established first line imaging modality for the assessment of liver pathology in pediatric patients. US technological advances, resulting in image quality improvement, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), liver elastography and quantification tools for steatosis have expanded the use of ultrasound technology in daily practice. The following overview is intended to illustrate incidentally detected liver pathology covering all pediatric ages. It aims to aid the examiner in establishing the final diagnosis. Management of incidentally detected focal liver lesions (FLL) needs to take into account the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality, the patient’s safety issues (including ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agents), the delay in diagnosis, the psychological burden on the patient and the cost for the healthcare system. Moreover, this paper should help the pediatric clinician and ultrasound practitioner to decide which pathologies need no further investigation, which ones require interval imaging and which cases require further and immediate diagnostic procedures.

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“…Comprehensive reviews of IF in different organs and systems are being published in a series of position papers by the World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (Bialek, et al 2021, Lewicki, et al 2021, Trenker, et al 2021 to give recommendations on how to handle particular IF.…”

Section: Interpretation and Investigation Of Incidental Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Incidental Findings Reported by Medical, Sonography and Other Students Performing Educational Ultrasound Examinations

Dietrich

Fraser

et al. 2022

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Incidental Findings and How to Manage Them: Testis— A WFUMB Position Paper

Cited by 10 publications

References 109 publications

Testicular Neoplasms: Primary Tumour Size Is Closely Interrelated with Histology, Clinical Staging, and Tumour Marker Expression Rates—A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis

Testicular Neoplasms: Primary Tumour Size Is Closely Interrelated with Histology, Clinical Staging, and Tumour Marker Expression Rates—A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis

Incidental Findings in Pediatric Patients: How to Manage Liver Incidentaloma in Pediatric Patients

Managing Incidental Findings Reported by Medical, Sonography and Other Students Performing Educational Ultrasound Examinations

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