Incineration of organic solar cells: efficient end of life management by quantitative silver recovery

Søndergaard, Roar R.; Zimmermann, Yannick; Espinosa, Nieves; Lenz, Markus; Krebs, Frederik C.

doi:10.1039/c6ee00021e

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…On the other hand, the cost of nanoparticle production using traditional sources is expected to increase due to the ever-increasing demand of precious metals and depletion of high-grade raw materials. For instance, the consumption of silver has rapidly increased due to its demand in numerous applications like photographic, medical, electrical, electronics, chemical, jewelry, and especially recently solar cells. − In order to obtain silver sources for these industries, hydrometallurgical processes for silver separation by solvent extraction, ion exchange, and sorption and for silver recovery by electrowinning, − chemical reduction, precipitation, and cementation − have all been studied for both primary and secondary raw materials. Nevertheless, application of these methods has become progressively difficult due to the related economic and environmental concerns, like depletion of high-grade raw materials and the increasingly complex feedstocks utilized in silver production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Production of Ag/Zn and Ag Particles from Hydrometallurgical Zinc Solutions

Wang

Hannula

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Ag/Zn and Ag particles have been successfully produced from electrolytes simulating zinc process solutions containing a high zinc concentration (65 g/L) and a negligible silver concentration (0.5–50 ppm) using a facile and sustainable electrodeposition-redox replacement (EDRR) method. Results show that the particle size and chemical composition of the deposited Ag/Zn and Ag particles can be readily controlled by varying the operating parameters such as replacement time and agitation. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) studies supported with SEM-EDS and TEM results indicate that the EDRR process consists of three regions: (I) zinc pulse deposition; (II) redox replacement between the Ag+ ions and the deposited Zn, formation of a Zn/Ag alloy structure, and competing Zn oxidation by H+ ions; and (III) further replacement between Ag+ ions and Zn (alloy) formed in the previous stage and possible silver reduction by hydrogen. The Zn (alloy) has a higher reduction potential which hinders the competing H+ reduction and sequentially improves the utilization efficiency of the sacrificial metal (Zn). Furthermore, by using the EDRR method, Ag/Zn particles could be successfully obtained from solutions with an extremely low Ag concentration of 0.5 ppm. The promising results demonstrate the feasibility of producing Ag-based functional materials utilizing trace amounts of Ag from zinc process solutions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controllable Production of Ag/Zn and Ag Particles from Hydrometallurgical Zinc Solutions

Wang

Hannula

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Various other forms of e-waste can be used to create nanoparticles such as purified carbon nanotubes, Cu 2 O nanoparticles, and Cu 2 O/TiO 2 catalysts. For example, Ag was completely recovered from incinerated organic solar cells (Søndergaard et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Nanoparticles From Recycled Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste-Derived Nanoparticles: Synthesis Approaches, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Considerations

et al. 2020

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For the past few decades, a plethora of nanoparticles have been produced through various methods and utilized to advance technologies for environmental applications, including water treatment, detection of persistent pollutants, and soil/water remediation, amongst many others. The field of materials science and engineering is increasingly interested in increasing the sustainability of the processes involved in the production of nanoparticles, which motivates the exploration of alternative inputs for nanoparticle production as well as the implementation of green synthesis techniques. Herein, we start by overviewing the general aspects of nanoparticle synthesis from industrial, electric/electronic, and plastic waste. We expand on critical aspects of waste identification as a viable input for the treatment and recovery of metal-and carbon-based nanoparticles. We follow-up by discussing different governing mechanisms involved in the production of nanoparticles, and point to potential inferences throughout the synthesis processes. Next, we provide some examples of waste-derived nanoparticles utilized in a proof-of-concept demonstration of technologies for applications in water quality and safety. We conclude by discussing current challenges from the toxicological and life-cycle perspectives that must be taken into consideration before scale-up manufacturing and implementation of waste-derived nanoparticles.

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“…Therefore, recycling of the valuable wastes is drawing attention from the researchers. Currently, different from the traditional burning or strong acid treatment to recycle the valuable metal and nonmetallic fractions from industrial printed circuit boards or solar panels, , the easy physical and chemical isolation and purification strategies have been applied to recycle or reuse the generated wastes from the chemical synthesis processes. Currently, the easy physical and chemical isolation and purification strategies have been applied to recycle or reuse the generated wastes from the chemical synthesis processes.…”

Section: Recycling Valuable Products From the Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Valuable Elements from the Chemical Synthesis Process of Nanomaterials: A Sustainable View

Wang

Liu

2019

ACS Materials Lett.

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Over the past decades, nanomaterials have been proven to have superior properties, because of their unique structural features differentiating from atoms and bulk materials, and their large-scale production for commercial applications has been receiving increased attention. However, the costs and wastes generated during the synthesis process get scant attention, even in the laboratories. In this Perspective, we review and emphasize the significance of recycling valuable elements from the chemical synthesis processes of nanomaterials. Recent advances, including both physical and chemical methods, for recycling valuable by-products during the synthesis process are summarized, and future directions in this research area are proposed and highlighted as well.

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Incineration of organic solar cells: efficient end of life management by quantitative silver recovery

Abstract: Silver from the electrodes of 1 m2 organic solar cells was quantitatively recovered by acid extraction from incineration ashes.

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Controllable Production of Ag/Zn and Ag Particles from Hydrometallurgical Zinc Solutions

Controllable Production of Ag/Zn and Ag Particles from Hydrometallurgical Zinc Solutions

Waste-Derived Nanoparticles: Synthesis Approaches, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Considerations

Recycling Valuable Elements from the Chemical Synthesis Process of Nanomaterials: A Sustainable View

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